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Research/PubMed
Logo PubMed

PubMed

NCBI E-utilities across 37 Entrez databases — literature search, summaries, full records, cross-database links, citation metrics and clinical trials.

Endpoints
22
Requests
115
Updated
4 hours ago
For LLMs
llms.txt
Endpoint healthnot yet measured
  • abstractnot measured
  • annotation-searchnot measured
  • annotationsnot measured
  • citation-exportnot measured
  • citation-matchnot measured
+ 17 more endpointsShow less
  • citation-metricsnot measured
  • database-infonot measured
  • databasesnot measured
  • entity-autocompletenot measured
  • entity-relationsnot measured
  • fetch-recordsnot measured
  • gene-reportnot measured
  • id-convertnot measured
  • link-checknot measured
  • link-providernot measured
  • linknot measured
  • postnot measured
  • searchnot measured
  • spellnot measured
  • summarynot measured
  • trials-detailnot measured
  • trials-searchnot measured
no measurements yetdaily 01:00 WIB

Playground

22 endpoints
GET/v1/research:pubmed/abstract5m cache1 paramchecking key…
Parameters
idstringrequired

Comma-separated PMIDs, max 200 per call

·
Response
EXAMPLE
{
  "db": "pubmed",
  "count": 2,
  "items": [
    {
      "pmid": "33301246",
      "content": "1. N Engl J Med. 2020 Dec 31;383(27):2603-2615. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2034577. Epub \n2020 Dec 10.\n\nSafety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine.\n\nPolack FP(1), Thomas SJ(…"
    },
    {
      "pmid": "32109013",
      "content": "2. N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 30;382(18):1708-1720. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032. Epub \n2020 Feb 28.\n\nClinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China.\n\nGuan WJ(1), Ni ZY(1)…"
    }
  ],
  "format": "text",
  "provider": "pubmed"
}

Code examples

Abstract
zpi-sdkrecommended
// npm i zpi-sdk
import { ZpiClient } from "zpi-sdk";

const client = new ZpiClient({ apiKey: "zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" });

const data = await client.run("research:pubmed", "abstract", {
  "id": "33301246,32109013"
});
console.log(data);
Full SDK reference →
request.sh
curl -X GET "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/abstract?id=33301246%2C32109013" \
  -H "x-api-key: zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Full reference

22 endpoints · plain text
GETAbstract/v1/research:pubmed/abstractefetch db=pubmed&rettype=abstract&retmode=text, pre-bound. The payload is one numbered block per record; the split keys each block back to its PMID so the

Parameters

idstringrequired
Comma-separated PMIDs, max 200 per call

Request

curl -X GET "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/abstract?id=33301246%2C32109013" \
  -H "x-api-key: zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Example response

{
  "db": "pubmed",
  "count": 2,
  "items": [
    {
      "pmid": "33301246",
      "content": "1. N Engl J Med. 2020 Dec 31;383(27):2603-2615. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2034577. Epub \n2020 Dec 10.\n\nSafety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine.\n\nPolack FP(1), Thomas SJ(…"
    },
    {
      "pmid": "32109013",
      "content": "2. N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 30;382(18):1708-1720. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032. Epub \n2020 Feb 28.\n\nClinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China.\n\nGuan WJ(1), Ni ZY(1)…"
    }
  ],
  "format": "text",
  "provider": "pubmed"
}
GETAnnotation Search/v1/research:pubmed/annotation-searchPubTator3 entity-aware search. Page size is the service's own, not ours — it reports page_size back and ignores any attempt to set it.

Parameters

textstringrequired
Free text, or a PubTator concept id such as @DISEASE_COVID_19 to search by entity
pagenumberoptional
Page number. Default 1
sortenumoptional
Result order. Default relevance Values: relevance, date.

Request

curl -X GET "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/annotation-search?text=covid-19+vaccine&page=1&sort=relevance" \
  -H "x-api-key: zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Example response

{
  "page": 1,
  "text": "covid-19 vaccine",
  "count": 10,
  "items": [
    {
      "doi": "10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001576",
      "date": "2023-07-01T00:00:00Z",
      "pmid": "37400094",
      "issue": "7",
      "pages": "519-523",
      "score": 291.16425,
      "title": "Associations between COVID-19 Death Exposure and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Vaccine Uptake.",
      "volume": "116",
      "authors": [
        "Andersen JA"
      ],
      "journal": "South Med J",
      "highlight": "Associations between @DISEASE_COVID_19 @DISEASE_MESH:D000086382 @@@<m>COVID</m>-<m>19</m> Death@@@ Exposure and <m>COVID</m>-<m>19</m> <m>Vaccine</m> Hesitancy and <m>Vaccine</m> U…",
      "citationNlm": "Andersen JA, Scott AJ, Rowland B, Willis DE, McElfish PA. Associations between COVID-19 Death Exposure and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Vaccine Uptake. South Med J. 2023 Jul;116(…",
      "publishedOn": "2023 Jul",
      "citationBibTeX": "@article{37400094, title={Associations between COVID-19 Death Exposure and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Vaccine Uptake.}, author={Andersen JA and Scott AJ and Rowland B and Willi…"
    }
  ],
  "limit": 10,
  "total": 152737,
  "facets": {
    "type": [
      {
        "name": "Journal Article",
        "count": 137431
      }
    ],
    "year": [
      {
        "name": "2022",
        "count": 43790
      }
    ],
    "journal": [
      {
        "name": "Vaccines (Basel)",
        "count": 5035
      }
    ]
  },
  "hasMore": true,
  "nextPage": 2,
  "provider": "pubmed"
}
GETAnnotations/v1/research:pubmed/annotationsPubTator3 BioC-JSON export. The service answers 29 KB of browsable HTML on a default Accept and still says 200, so application/json is not optional here.

Parameters

pmidsstringrequired
Comma-separated PMIDs, max 100 per call
fullenumoptional
Annotate the full text instead of title and abstract. Default false Values: true, false.

Request

curl -X GET "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/annotations?pmids=33301246%2C32109013&full=false" \
  -H "x-api-key: zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Example response

{
  "count": 2,
  "items": [
    {
      "pmid": "32109013",
      "year": 2020,
      "pmcid": "PMC7092819",
      "authors": "Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, Liu L, Shan H, Lei CL, Hui DSC, Du B, Li LJ, Zeng G, Yuen KY, Chen RC, Tang CL, Wang T, Chen PY, Xiang J, Li SY, Wang JL, Liang ZJ, Pe…",
      "journal": "N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 30;382(18):1708-1720. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032. Epub ",
      "passages": [
        {
          "text": "Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China.",
          "type": "title",
          "offset": 0,
          "section": null,
          "annotations": [
            {
              "id": "1",
              "name": "COVID-19",
              "text": "Coronavirus Disease 2019",
              "type": "Disease",
              "biotype": "disease",
              "database": "ncbi_mesh",
              "accession": "@DISEASE_COVID_19",
              "locations": [
                {
                  "span": 24,
                  "offset": 28
                }
              ],
              "identifier": "MESH:D000086382",
              "normalizedId": "D000086382"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "annotationCount": 22
    }
  ],
  "fullText": false,
  "provider": "pubmed"
}
GETCitation Export/v1/research:pubmed/citation-exportNCBI literature citation exporter. A PMID that does not exist answers 200 with a zero-byte body, so an empty response is a verdict here, not a transport failure.

Parameters

idstringrequired
One PMID, or a PMC id when db is pmc
dbenumoptional
Source collection. Default pubmed Values: pubmed, pmc.
formatenumoptional
csl returns JSON, ris and medline return text. Default csl Values: csl, ris, medline.

Request

curl -X GET "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/citation-export?id=33301246&db=pubmed&format=csl" \
  -H "x-api-key: zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Example response

{
  "db": "pubmed",
  "id": "33301246",
  "format": "csl",
  "citation": {
    "id": "pmid:33301246",
    "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMoa2034577",
    "ISSN": "0028-4793",
    "PMID": "33301246",
    "page": "2603-2615",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "PMCID": "PMC7745181",
    "issue": "27",
    "title": "Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine",
    "author": [
      {
        "given": "Fernando P",
        "family": "Polack"
      },
      {
        "given": "Stephen J",
        "family": "Thomas"
      },
      {
        "given": "Nicholas",
        "family": "Kitchin"
      }
    ],
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2020,
          12,
          31
        ]
      ]
    },
    "source": "PubMed",
    "volume": "383",
    "accessed": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2026,
          8,
          29
        ]
      ]
    },
    "epub-date": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2020,
          12,
          10
        ]
      ]
    },
    "container-title": "The New England journal of medicine",
    "publisher-place": "United States",
    "container-title-short": "N Engl J Med"
  },
  "provider": "pubmed"
}
GETCitation Match/v1/research:pubmed/citation-matchecitmatch answers plain text, one pipe-delimited line per citation, with the PMID appended after the caller's own key. A miss comes back as NOT_FOUND with a reason

Parameters

journalstringrequired
Journal title or NLM abbreviation
yearnumberrequired
Publication year
volumestringoptional
Journal volume
firstPagestringoptional
First page of the article
authorstringoptional
First author, surname and initials
keystringoptional
Your own label for this citation, echoed back on the match

Request

curl -X GET "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/citation-match?journal=proc+natl+acad+sci+u+s+a&year=1991&volume=88&firstPage=3248&author=mann+bj&key=ref1" \
  -H "x-api-key: zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Example response

{
  "db": "pubmed",
  "key": "ref1",
  "pmid": "2014248",
  "year": 1991,
  "author": "mann bj",
  "volume": "88",
  "journal": "proc natl acad sci u s a",
  "provider": "pubmed",
  "firstPage": "3248"
}
GETCitation Metrics/v1/research:pubmed/citation-metricsiCite bibliometrics. It inlines cited_by[] and references[] — 841 KB for two PMIDs — so those arrays are opt-in rather than default.

Parameters

pmidsstringrequired
Comma-separated PMIDs, max 200 per call
includeCitationListsenumoptional
Include the full citedBy, citedByClinical and references PMID lists. They are large — two PMIDs measured 841 KB. Default false Values: true, false.

Request

curl -X GET "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/citation-metrics?pmids=33301246%2C32109013&includeCitationLists=false" \
  -H "x-api-key: zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Example response

{
  "count": 2,
  "items": [
    {
      "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2002032",
      "pmid": "32109013",
      "year": 2020,
      "human": 0.7777777777777778,
      "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China.",
      "animal": 0,
      "xCoord": -0.19245008972987523,
      "yCoord": 0.6666666666666667,
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Guan, Wei-Jie",
          "lastName": "Guan",
          "firstName": "Wei-Jie"
        }
      ],
      "journal": "N Engl J Med",
      "isClinical": false,
      "provisional": false,
      "citationCount": 18784,
      "nihPercentile": 100,
      "citationsPerYear": 3130.6666666666665,
      "fieldCitationRate": 5.71715931843237,
      "isResearchArticle": true,
      "molecularCellular": 0.2222222222222222,
      "relativeCitationRatio": 1178.3415335154866,
      "citedByClinicalArticle": true,
      "expectedCitationsPerYear": 2.656841482389724,
      "approximatePotentialToTranslate": 0.95
    }
  ],
  "provider": "pubmed",
  "includeCitationLists": false
}
GETDatabase Info/v1/research:pubmed/database-infoeinfo per-database record: searchable fields, link names, build and record count.

Parameters

dbenumrequired
Entrez database to describe Values: pubmed, protein, nuccore, ipg, nucleotide, structure, genome, grasp, annotinfo, assembly, bioproject, biosample, blastdbinfo, books, cdd, clinvar, dbvar, gene, gds, geoprofiles, medgen, mesh, nlmcatalog, omim, orgtrack, pmc, proteinclusters, pcassay, protfam, pccompound, pcsubstance, seqannot, snp, sra, taxonomy, biocollections, gtr.

Request

curl -X GET "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/database-info?db=pubmed" \
  -H "x-api-key: zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Example response

{
  "db": "pubmed",
  "build": "Build-2026.08.29.12.19",
  "links": [
    {
      "dbTo": "assembly",
      "menu": "Assembly",
      "name": "pubmed_assembly",
      "description": "Assembly"
    },
    {
      "dbTo": "bioproject",
      "menu": "Project Links",
      "name": "pubmed_bioproject",
      "description": "Related Projects"
    }
  ],
  "fields": [
    {
      "name": "ALL",
      "isDate": false,
      "fullName": "All Fields",
      "isHidden": false,
      "hierarchy": false,
      "termCount": null,
      "description": "All terms from all searchable fields",
      "isNumerical": false,
      "singleToken": false
    },
    {
      "name": "UID",
      "isDate": false,
      "fullName": "UID",
      "isHidden": true,
      "hierarchy": false,
      "termCount": null,
      "description": "Unique number assigned to publication",
      "isNumerical": true,
      "singleToken": true
    }
  ],
  "menuName": "PubMed",
  "provider": "pubmed",
  "linkCount": 47,
  "fieldCount": 48,
  "lastUpdate": "2026/08/29 12:19",
  "description": "PubMed bibliographic record",
  "recordCount": 41081950
}
GETDatabases/v1/research:pubmed/databasesNCBI's 429 body echoes our egress address back inside an `api-key` field.

Parameters

This endpoint takes no parameters.

Request

curl -X GET "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/databases" \
  -H "x-api-key: zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Example response

{
  "count": 37,
  "items": [
    {
      "db": "pubmed"
    },
    {
      "db": "protein"
    },
    {
      "db": "nuccore"
    },
    {
      "db": "ipg"
    },
    {
      "db": "nucleotide"
    },
    {
      "db": "structure"
    },
    {
      "db": "genome"
    },
    {
      "db": "grasp"
    }
  ],
  "provider": "pubmed"
}
GETEntity Autocomplete/v1/research:pubmed/entity-autocompletePubTator3 concept suggestions. The `_id` it returns is the accession the search and relations endpoints take, so it is surfaced as `conceptId` rather than dropped.

Parameters

querystringrequired
Partial entity name to complete
conceptenumoptional
Restrict suggestions to one entity type Values: gene, disease, chemical, species, variant, cellline.
limitnumberoptional
Maximum suggestions to return. Default 10

Request

curl -X GET "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/entity-autocomplete?query=covid&concept=gene&limit=10" \
  -H "x-api-key: zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Example response

{
  "count": 10,
  "items": [
    {
      "name": "COVID-19",
      "biotype": "disease",
      "database": "ncbi_mesh",
      "conceptId": "@DISEASE_COVID_19",
      "matchedOn": "Matched on name COVID-19",
      "databaseId": "D000086382",
      "description": null
    },
    {
      "name": "Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome",
      "biotype": "disease",
      "database": "ncbi_mesh",
      "conceptId": "@DISEASE_Post_Acute_COVID_19_Syndrome",
      "matchedOn": "Multiple matches",
      "databaseId": "D000094024",
      "description": null
    },
    {
      "name": "pediatric multisystem inflammatory disease COVID-19 related",
      "biotype": "disease",
      "database": "ncbi_mesh",
      "conceptId": "@DISEASE_pediatric_multisystem_inflammatory_disease_COVID_19_related",
      "matchedOn": "Multiple matches",
      "databaseId": "C000705967",
      "description": null
    }
  ],
  "query": "covid",
  "provider": "pubmed"
}
GETEntity Relations/v1/research:pubmed/entity-relationsPubTator3 curated relations. An unfiltered e1 can answer 158 KB, so the result is capped here and the upstream length is reported alongside it.

Parameters

e1stringrequired
First concept id, from entity-autocomplete
typeenumoptional
Relation type. Default ANY Values: ANY, treat, cause, cotreat, compare, interact, inhibit, stimulate, drug_interact, associate, prevent, positive_correlate, negative_correlate.
e2stringoptional
Second concept id, to pin both ends of the relation
limitnumberoptional
Maximum relations to return. Default 100

Request

curl -X GET "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/entity-relations?e1=%40CHEMICAL_Doxorubicin&type=treat&e2=%40DISEASE_Neoplasms&limit=100" \
  -H "x-api-key: zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Example response

{
  "e1": "@CHEMICAL_Doxorubicin",
  "e2": "@DISEASE_Neoplasms",
  "type": "treat",
  "count": 1,
  "items": [
    {
      "type": "treat",
      "source": "@CHEMICAL_Doxorubicin",
      "target": "@DISEASE_Neoplasms",
      "publications": 14872
    }
  ],
  "limit": 3,
  "total": 1,
  "provider": "pubmed"
}
GETFetch Records/v1/research:pubmed/fetch-recordsefetch: full records. The payload is XML, MEDLINE text or FASTA depending on rettype — never JSON — so it is handed back verbatim rather than half-parsed.

Parameters

idstringrequired
Comma-separated UIDs, max 200 per call
dbenumoptional
Entrez database. Default pubmed Values: pubmed, protein, nuccore, ipg, nucleotide, structure, genome, grasp, annotinfo, assembly, bioproject, biosample, blastdbinfo, books, cdd, clinvar, dbvar, gene, gds, geoprofiles, medgen, mesh, nlmcatalog, omim, orgtrack, pmc, proteinclusters, pcassay, protfam, pccompound, pcsubstance, seqannot, snp, sra, taxonomy, biocollections, gtr.
rettypeenumoptional
Record type. Valid values depend on the database Values: abstract, medline, uilist, fasta, gb, gp, docsum, full, native, xml.
retmodeenumoptional
Payload encoding. Default xml Values: xml, text, asn.1.
retstartnumberoptional
Offset into the record set when fetching from history
retmaxnumberoptional
Maximum records to return. Upstream caps at 10000
strandenumoptional
Sequence strand, 1 plus and 2 minus. Sequence databases only Values: 1, 2.
seqStartnumberoptional
First sequence base to retrieve. Sequence databases only
seqStopnumberoptional
Last sequence base to retrieve. Sequence databases only

Request

curl -X GET "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/fetch-records?id=33301246%2C32109013&db=pubmed&rettype=medline&retmode=xml&retstart=0&retmax=100&strand=1&seqStart=1&seqStop=200" \
  -H "x-api-key: zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Example response

{
  "db": "pubmed",
  "ids": [
    "33301246",
    "32109013"
  ],
  "type": "medline",
  "bytes": 206336,
  "format": "xml",
  "content": "<?xml version=\"1.0\" ?>\n<!DOCTYPE PubmedArticleSet PUBLIC \"-//NLM//DTD PubMedArticle, 1st January 2025//EN\" \"https://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/ncbi/pubmed/out/pubmed_250101.dtd\">\n<PubmedArtic…",
  "provider": "pubmed"
}
GETGene Report/v1/research:pubmed/gene-report/:symbol/:taxonNCBI Datasets v2 gene record. A symbol that does not exist answers 200 with an empty object, so an empty body is the not-found signal.

Parameters

symbolstringrequiredin path
Official gene symbol
taxonstringoptionalin path
NCBI taxonomy id or organism name. Default 9606, human
includeGeneOntologyenumoptional
Include the full GO term set, which dominates the payload. Default false Values: true, false.

Request

curl -X GET "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/gene-report/TP53/9606?includeGeneOntology=false" \
  -H "x-api-key: zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Example response

{
  "type": "PROTEIN_CODING",
  "query": "TP53",
  "taxId": "9606",
  "taxon": "9606",
  "geneId": "7157",
  "symbol": "TP53",
  "omimIds": [
    "191170"
  ],
  "summary": [
    {
      "source": null,
      "description": "This gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein containing transcriptional activation, DNA binding, and oligomerization domains. The encoded protein responds to diverse cellular stres…"
    }
  ],
  "taxName": "Homo sapiens",
  "provider": "pubmed",
  "synonyms": [
    "P53"
  ],
  "commonName": "human",
  "geneGroups": [
    {
      "id": "7157",
      "method": "NCBI Ortholog"
    }
  ],
  "matchCount": 1,
  "annotations": [
    {
      "releasedOn": "2025-08-01",
      "assemblyName": "GRCh38.p14",
      "annotationName": "GCF_000001405.40-RS_2025_08",
      "genomicLocations": [
        {
          "sequenceName": "17",
          "accessionVersion": "NC_000017.11"
        }
      ],
      "assemblyAccession": "GCF_000001405.40"
    }
  ],
  "chromosomes": [
    "17"
  ],
  "description": "tumor protein p53",
  "orientation": "minus",
  "mapLocations": [
    {
      "type": "Cytogenetic",
      "value": "17p13.1"
    }
  ],
  "proteinCount": 25,
  "alternateNames": [
    "antigen NY-CO-13"
  ],
  "ensemblGeneIds": [
    "ENSG00000141510"
  ],
  "nomenclatureId": "HGNC:11998",
  "transcriptCount": 26,
  "referenceStandards": [
    {
      "type": "REFSEQ_GENE",
      "range": [
        {
          "end": "24149",
          "begin": "5001",
          "orientation": "plus"
        }
      ],
      "accessionVersion": "NG_017013.2"
    }
  ],
  "swissProtAccessions": [
    "P04637"
  ],
  "transcriptTypeCounts": [
    {
      "type": "PROTEIN_CODING",
      "count": 25
    }
  ],
  "nomenclatureAuthority": "HGNC"
}
GETId Convert/v1/research:pubmed/id-convertPMC ID converter. It rejects a mixed batch with a 400, so the id type is declared and every value checked against it before the call. Its `email is missing` warning

Parameters

idsstringrequired
Comma-separated ids, all of the same type, max 200
idtypeenumrequired
Type of every id in the batch — mixed types are rejected Values: pmid, pmcid, doi, mid.
versionsenumoptional
Include every PMC version of the record. Default false Values: true, false.

Request

curl -X GET "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/id-convert?ids=33301246%2C32109013&idtype=pmid&versions=false" \
  -H "x-api-key: zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Example response

{
  "count": 2,
  "items": [
    {
      "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2034577",
      "mid": null,
      "pmid": "33301246",
      "pmcid": "PMC7745181",
      "reason": null,
      "status": null,
      "requestedId": "33301246"
    },
    {
      "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2002032",
      "mid": null,
      "pmid": "32109013",
      "pmcid": "PMC7092819",
      "reason": null,
      "status": null,
      "requestedId": "32109013"
    }
  ],
  "idType": "pmid",
  "provider": "pubmed"
}
GETLink Check/v1/research:pubmed/link-checkelink acheck/ncheck/lcheck: which link types exist for a UID, without pulling the links themselves. acheck answers with a per-id catalogue, ncheck and lcheck

Parameters

idstringrequired
Comma-separated source UIDs, max 100 per call
dbfromenumoptional
Source database. Default pubmed Values: pubmed, protein, nuccore, ipg, nucleotide, structure, genome, grasp, annotinfo, assembly, bioproject, biosample, blastdbinfo, books, cdd, clinvar, dbvar, gene, gds, geoprofiles, medgen, mesh, nlmcatalog, omim, orgtrack, pmc, proteinclusters, pcassay, protfam, pccompound, pcsubstance, seqannot, snp, sra, taxonomy, biocollections, gtr.
cmdenumoptional
acheck lists every link type, ncheck reports whether related records exist, lcheck whether external LinkOut providers exist. Default acheck Values: acheck, ncheck, lcheck.

Request

curl -X GET "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/link-check?id=33301246%2C32109013&dbfrom=pubmed&cmd=acheck" \
  -H "x-api-key: zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Example response

{
  "cmd": "acheck",
  "ids": [
    "33301246",
    "32109013"
  ],
  "count": 2,
  "items": [
    {
      "id": "33301246",
      "count": 13,
      "links": [
        {
          "dbTo": "books",
          "htmlTag": "Cited in Books",
          "menuTag": "Cited in Books",
          "linkName": "pubmed_books_refs",
          "priority": 185
        },
        {
          "dbTo": "medgen",
          "htmlTag": "MedGen",
          "menuTag": "MedGen",
          "linkName": "pubmed_medgen",
          "priority": 128
        },
        {
          "dbTo": "pmc",
          "htmlTag": null,
          "menuTag": "PMC Links",
          "linkName": "pubmed_pmc",
          "priority": 175
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "32109013",
      "count": 12,
      "links": [
        {
          "dbTo": "books",
          "htmlTag": "Cited in Books",
          "menuTag": "Cited in Books",
          "linkName": "pubmed_books_refs",
          "priority": 185
        },
        {
          "dbTo": "pmc",
          "htmlTag": null,
          "menuTag": "PMC Links",
          "linkName": "pubmed_pmc",
          "priority": 175
        },
        {
          "dbTo": "pmc",
          "htmlTag": "Free in PMC",
          "menuTag": null,
          "linkName": "pubmed_pmc_local",
          "priority": 175
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "dbFrom": "pubmed",
  "provider": "pubmed"
}
GETLink Provider/v1/research:pubmed/link-providerelink llinks/prlinks: LinkOut provider URLs. Icon paths come back host-relative, so they are resolved against NCBI's own host to stay usable.

Parameters

idstringrequired
Comma-separated source UIDs, max 100 per call
dbfromenumoptional
Source database. Default pubmed Values: pubmed, protein, nuccore, ipg, nucleotide, structure, genome, grasp, annotinfo, assembly, bioproject, biosample, blastdbinfo, books, cdd, clinvar, dbvar, gene, gds, geoprofiles, medgen, mesh, nlmcatalog, omim, orgtrack, pmc, proteinclusters, pcassay, protfam, pccompound, pcsubstance, seqannot, snp, sra, taxonomy, biocollections, gtr.
cmdenumoptional
llinks returns every LinkOut provider, prlinks only the publisher full-text links. Default llinks Values: llinks, prlinks.

Request

curl -X GET "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/link-provider?id=33301246&dbfrom=pubmed&cmd=llinks" \
  -H "x-api-key: zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Example response

{
  "cmd": "llinks",
  "ids": [
    "33301246"
  ],
  "count": 1,
  "items": [
    {
      "id": "33301246",
      "count": 9,
      "links": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2034577?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub  0pubmed",
          "iconUrl": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--www.nejm.org-pb-assets-images-editorial-icons-nejm-full-text.gif",
          "linkName": null,
          "attributes": [
            "subscription/membership/fee required"
          ],
          "categories": [
            "Full Text Sources"
          ],
          "providerId": "4487",
          "providerAbbr": "ATYPON",
          "providerName": "Atypon"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=AREA%5BReferencePMID%5D33301246",
          "iconUrl": null,
          "linkName": null,
          "attributes": [
            "free resource"
          ],
          "categories": [
            "Medical"
          ],
          "providerId": "3654",
          "providerAbbr": "CTgov",
          "providerName": "ClinicalTrials.gov"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "dbFrom": "pubmed",
  "provider": "pubmed"
}
GETLink/v1/research:pubmed/linkelink neighbour modes. cmd=neighbor_score returned 310 KB for a single PMID, so maxLinks caps each link array before the payload rather than after it.

Parameters

idstringrequired
Comma-separated source UIDs, max 100 per call
dbfromenumoptional
Source database. Default pubmed Values: pubmed, protein, nuccore, ipg, nucleotide, structure, genome, grasp, annotinfo, assembly, bioproject, biosample, blastdbinfo, books, cdd, clinvar, dbvar, gene, gds, geoprofiles, medgen, mesh, nlmcatalog, omim, orgtrack, pmc, proteinclusters, pcassay, protfam, pccompound, pcsubstance, seqannot, snp, sra, taxonomy, biocollections, gtr.
dbenumoptional
Target database. Defaults to dbfrom Values: pubmed, protein, nuccore, ipg, nucleotide, structure, genome, grasp, annotinfo, assembly, bioproject, biosample, blastdbinfo, books, cdd, clinvar, dbvar, gene, gds, geoprofiles, medgen, mesh, nlmcatalog, omim, orgtrack, pmc, proteinclusters, pcassay, protfam, pccompound, pcsubstance, seqannot, snp, sra, taxonomy, biocollections, gtr.
cmdenumoptional
Link mode. neighbor_score adds a relatedness score. Default neighbor Values: neighbor, neighbor_score, neighbor_history.
linknamestringoptional
Restrict to one named link set
maxLinksnumberoptional
Cap on links kept per link set. Default 200

Request

curl -X GET "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/link?id=33301246&dbfrom=pubmed&db=pmc&cmd=neighbor&linkname=pubmed_pmc&maxLinks=200" \
  -H "x-api-key: zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Example response

{
  "db": "pmc",
  "cmd": "neighbor",
  "ids": [
    "33301246"
  ],
  "count": 1,
  "items": [
    {
      "dbTo": "pmc",
      "count": 1,
      "links": [
        {
          "id": "7745181"
        }
      ],
      "dbFrom": "pubmed",
      "linkName": "pubmed_pmc",
      "sourceIds": [
        "33301246"
      ],
      "truncated": false
    }
  ],
  "dbFrom": "pubmed",
  "webEnv": null,
  "maxLinks": 3,
  "provider": "pubmed"
}
GETPost/v1/research:pubmed/postepost stores a UID set on the history server and answers XML. The webEnv and queryKey it returns are what search, summary and fetch chain against for sets

Parameters

idstringrequired
Comma-separated UIDs to store, max 5000 per call
dbenumoptional
Entrez database. Default pubmed Values: pubmed, protein, nuccore, ipg, nucleotide, structure, genome, grasp, annotinfo, assembly, bioproject, biosample, blastdbinfo, books, cdd, clinvar, dbvar, gene, gds, geoprofiles, medgen, mesh, nlmcatalog, omim, orgtrack, pmc, proteinclusters, pcassay, protfam, pccompound, pcsubstance, seqannot, snp, sra, taxonomy, biocollections, gtr.
webEnvstringoptional
Append to an existing history session

Request

curl -X GET "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/post?id=33301246%2C32109013&db=pubmed&webEnv=MCID_6a93083700b9b9ef110c4022" \
  -H "x-api-key: zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Example response

{
  "db": "pubmed",
  "ids": [
    "33301246",
    "32109013"
  ],
  "count": 2,
  "webEnv": "MCID_6a93083700b9b9ef110c4022",
  "provider": "pubmed",
  "queryKey": "1",
  "invalidIds": []
}
GETSearch/v1/research:pubmed/searchesearch: term -> UID list. The 10,000-record window is upstream's, not ours; past it the history server (usehistory + epost) is the only way through.

Parameters

termstringrequired
Entrez query. Supports field tags such as [au], [ti], [mesh] and boolean operators
dbenumoptional
Entrez database. Default pubmed Values: pubmed, protein, nuccore, ipg, nucleotide, structure, genome, grasp, annotinfo, assembly, bioproject, biosample, blastdbinfo, books, cdd, clinvar, dbvar, gene, gds, geoprofiles, medgen, mesh, nlmcatalog, omim, orgtrack, pmc, proteinclusters, pcassay, protfam, pccompound, pcsubstance, seqannot, snp, sra, taxonomy, biocollections, gtr.
pagenumberoptional
Page number. Default 1
limitnumberoptional
UIDs per page. Default 20, max 500
sortenumoptional
Sort order. Default is the database default Values: relevance, pubDate, author, journalName, mostRecent.
fieldstringoptional
Limit the whole term to one search field
datetypeenumoptional
Date field the range applies to Values: pdat, edat, mdat.
mindatestringoptional
Range start, YYYY/MM/DD
maxdatestringoptional
Range end, YYYY/MM/DD
reldatenumberoptional
Limit to the last N days instead of a range
usehistoryenumoptional
Store the result set on the history server and return webEnv/queryKey Values: true, false.

Request

curl -X GET "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/search?term=covid-19+vaccine&db=pubmed&page=1&limit=20&sort=relevance&field=title&datetype=pdat&mindate=2020%2F01%2F01&maxdate=2021%2F12%2F31&reldate=30&usehistory=true" \
  -H "x-api-key: zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Example response

{
  "db": "pubmed",
  "page": 1,
  "term": "covid-19 vaccine",
  "count": 0,
  "items": [],
  "limit": 3,
  "total": 0,
  "webEnv": "MCID_6a937c9f6cbc51515203019e",
  "hasMore": false,
  "nextPage": null,
  "provider": "pubmed",
  "queryKey": "1",
  "warnings": [
    "No items found."
  ],
  "translations": [],
  "queryTranslation": "\"covid-19\"[Title] AND \"vaccine\"[Title] AND 2020/01/01:2021/12/31[Date - Publication] AND 2026/07/30:2026/08/29[Date - Publication]"
}
GETSpell/v1/research:pubmed/spellespell is XML-only: retmode=json answers HTTP 500 with a zero-byte body, so the response is parsed by regex rather than asked for in another format.

Parameters

termstringrequired
Query to spell-check against the database index
dbenumoptional
Entrez database. Default pubmed Values: pubmed, protein, nuccore, ipg, nucleotide, structure, genome, grasp, annotinfo, assembly, bioproject, biosample, blastdbinfo, books, cdd, clinvar, dbvar, gene, gds, geoprofiles, medgen, mesh, nlmcatalog, omim, orgtrack, pmc, proteinclusters, pcassay, protfam, pccompound, pcsubstance, seqannot, snp, sra, taxonomy, biocollections, gtr.

Request

curl -X GET "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/spell?term=fiberblast+cell+grwth&db=pubmed" \
  -H "x-api-key: zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Example response

{
  "db": "pubmed",
  "term": "fiberblast cell grwth",
  "items": [
    {
      "text": "",
      "type": "original"
    },
    {
      "text": "fibroblast",
      "type": "replaced"
    },
    {
      "text": " cell ",
      "type": "original"
    },
    {
      "text": "growth",
      "type": "replaced"
    }
  ],
  "provider": "pubmed",
  "corrected": true,
  "correctedTerm": "fibroblast cell growth",
  "replacementCount": 2
}
GETSummary/v1/research:pubmed/summaryesummary: document summaries by UID. NCBI's summary keys are all-lowercase and db-specific, so the whole record is renamed rather than cherry-picked — dropping

Parameters

idstringrequired
Comma-separated UIDs, max 200 per call
dbenumoptional
Entrez database. Default pubmed Values: pubmed, protein, nuccore, ipg, nucleotide, structure, genome, grasp, annotinfo, assembly, bioproject, biosample, blastdbinfo, books, cdd, clinvar, dbvar, gene, gds, geoprofiles, medgen, mesh, nlmcatalog, omim, orgtrack, pmc, proteinclusters, pcassay, protfam, pccompound, pcsubstance, seqannot, snp, sra, taxonomy, biocollections, gtr.
versionenumoptional
Summary schema version. Default 2.0 Values: 1.0, 2.0.

Request

curl -X GET "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/summary?id=33301246%2C32109013&db=pubmed&version=2.0" \
  -H "x-api-key: zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Example response

{
  "db": "pubmed",
  "count": 2,
  "items": [
    {
      "uid": "33301246",
      "essn": "1533-4406",
      "issn": "0028-4793",
      "issue": "27",
      "pages": "2603-2615",
      "title": "Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine.",
      "medium": "",
      "source": "N Engl J Med",
      "volume": "383",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Polack FP",
          "authType": "Author",
          "clusterId": ""
        }
      ],
      "chapter": "",
      "docDate": "",
      "docType": "citation",
      "edition": "",
      "history": [
        {
          "date": "2020/12/11 06:00",
          "pubStatus": "pubmed"
        }
      ],
      "pubDate": "2020 Dec 31",
      "srcDate": "",
      "bookName": "",
      "ePubDate": "2020 Dec 10",
      "pubTypes": [
        "Clinical Trial, Phase II"
      ],
      "bookTitle": "",
      "languages": [
        "eng"
      ],
      "pubStatus": "256",
      "sortTitle": "safety and efficacy of the bnt162b2 mrna covid 19 vaccine",
      "articleIds": [
        {
          "value": "33301246",
          "idType": "pubmed",
          "idTypeNum": 1
        }
      ],
      "attributes": [
        "Has Abstract"
      ],
      "lastAuthor": "Gruber WC",
      "references": [
        {
          "note": "",
          "pmid": 33301245,
          "refType": "Comment in",
          "refSource": "N Engl J Med. 2020 Dec 31;383(27):2677-2678. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe2034717."
        }
      ],
      "eLocationId": "doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2034577",
      "nlmUniqueId": "0255562",
      "pmcRefCount": 13,
      "sortPubDate": "2020/12/31 00:00",
      "recordStatus": "PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE",
      "reportNumber": "",
      "locationLabel": "",
      "publisherName": "",
      "fullJournalName": "The New England journal of medicine",
      "sortFirstAuthor": "Polack FP",
      "vernacularTitle": "",
      "availableFromUrl": "",
      "publisherLocation": ""
    }
  ],
  "provider": "pubmed"
}
GETTrials Detail/v1/research:pubmed/trials-detail/:nctIdOne ClinicalTrials.gov v2 study. The single-study record carries 140 scalar paths across four sections; the heavy repeated blocks (arms, outcomes, locations) are

Parameters

nctIdstringrequiredin path
ClinicalTrials.gov registry id

Request

curl -X GET "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/trials-detail/NCT04280705" \
  -H "x-api-key: zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Example response

{
  "sex": "ALL",
  "nctId": "NCT04280705",
  "phases": [
    "PHASE3"
  ],
  "status": "COMPLETED",
  "acronym": null,
  "masking": "DOUBLE",
  "keywords": [
    "Adaptive"
  ],
  "provider": "pubmed",
  "armGroups": [
    {
      "type": "PLACEBO_COMPARATOR",
      "label": "Placebo",
      "description": "200 mg of Remdesivir placebo administered intravenously on Day 1, followed by a 100 mg once-daily maintenance dose of Remdesivir placebo while hospitalized for up to a 10 days tota…",
      "interventionNames": [
        "Other: Placebo"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "locations": [
    {
      "zip": "35233",
      "city": "Birmingham",
      "state": "Alabama",
      "status": null,
      "country": "United States",
      "facility": "University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine - Infectious Disease",
      "latitude": 33.52066,
      "longitude": -86.80249
    }
  ],
  "startDate": "2020-02-21",
  "studyType": "INTERVENTIONAL",
  "whoMasked": [
    "PARTICIPANT"
  ],
  "allocation": "RANDOMIZED",
  "briefTitle": "Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial (ACTT)",
  "conditions": [
    "COVID-19"
  ],
  "enrollment": 1062,
  "hasResults": true,
  "ipdSharing": null,
  "maximumAge": "99 Years",
  "minimumAge": "18 Years",
  "orgStudyId": "20-0006",
  "references": [
    {
      "pmid": "38657001",
      "type": "DERIVED",
      "citation": "Singh K, Rubenstein K, Callier V, Shaw-Saliba K, Rupert A, Dewar R, Laverdure S, Highbarger H, Lallemand P, Huang ML, Jerome KR, Sampoleo R, Mills MG, Greninger AL, Juneja K, Porte…"
    }
  ],
  "whyStopped": null,
  "leadSponsor": "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)",
  "briefSummary": "This study is an adaptive, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of novel therapeutic agents in hospitalized adults diagnosed with …",
  "organization": "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)",
  "secondaryIds": [],
  "standardAges": [
    "ADULT"
  ],
  "collaborators": [],
  "firstPostedOn": "2020-02-21",
  "interventions": [
    {
      "name": "Placebo",
      "type": "OTHER",
      "description": "The supplied placebo lyophilized formulation is identical in physical appearance to the active lyophilized formulation and contains the same inactive ingredients. Alternatively, a …",
      "armGroupLabels": [
        "Placebo"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lastUpdatedOn": "2022-03-14",
  "locationCount": 60,
  "officialTitle": "A Multicenter, Adaptive, Randomized Blinded Controlled Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Investigational Therapeutics for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults",
  "otherOutcomes": [],
  "completionDate": "2020-05-21",
  "enrollmentType": "ACTUAL",
  "meshConditions": [
    {
      "id": "D000086382",
      "term": "COVID-19"
    }
  ],
  "primaryPurpose": "TREATMENT",
  "oversightHasDmc": null,
  "primaryOutcomes": [
    {
      "measure": "Time to Recovery",
      "timeFrame": "Day 1 through Day 29",
      "description": "Day of recovery is defined as the first day on which the subject satisfies one of the following three categories from the ordinal scale: 1) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental…"
    }
  ],
  "leadSponsorClass": "NIH",
  "responsibleParty": "SPONSOR",
  "statusVerifiedOn": "2020-04",
  "healthyVolunteers": false,
  "interventionModel": "PARALLEL",
  "meshInterventions": [
    {
      "id": "C000606551",
      "term": "remdesivir"
    }
  ],
  "organizationClass": "NIH",
  "secondaryOutcomes": [
    {
      "measure": "Change From Baseline in Alanine Transaminase (ALT)",
      "timeFrame": "Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29",
      "description": "Blood to evaluate ALT was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants…"
    }
  ],
  "isFdaRegulatedDrug": true,
  "detailedDescription": "This study is an adaptive, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of novel therapeutic agents in hospitalized adults diagnosed with …",
  "eligibilityCriteria": "Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Admitted to a hospital with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 infection.\n2. Subject (or legally authorized representative) provides informed consent prior to …",
  "isFdaRegulatedDevice": false,
  "resultsFirstPostedOn": "2020-09-25",
  "primaryCompletionDate": "2020-05-21"
}
GETTrials Search/v1/research:pubmed/trials-searchClinicalTrials.gov v2 study search. v2 paginates by an opaque token, not a page number, so the cursor is passed through instead of being faked into a page index.

Parameters

conditionstringoptional
Condition or disease being studied
termstringoptional
Free-text terms matched across the whole record
statusenumoptional
Restrict to one recruitment status Values: NOT_YET_RECRUITING, RECRUITING, ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION, ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING, SUSPENDED, TERMINATED, COMPLETED, WITHDRAWN, AVAILABLE, NO_LONGER_AVAILABLE, TEMPORARILY_NOT_AVAILABLE, APPROVED_FOR_MARKETING, WITHHELD, UNKNOWN.
limitnumberoptional
Studies per page. Default 20, max 100
cursorstringoptional
Page token from nextCursor of a previous call

Request

curl -X GET "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/trials-search?condition=covid-19&term=remdesivir&status=RECRUITING&limit=20&cursor=ZVt07cGHkvI2wRk2CJf6" \
  -H "x-api-key: zpi_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

Example response

{
  "term": null,
  "count": 3,
  "items": [
    {
      "nctId": "NCT01128829",
      "phases": [
        "NA"
      ],
      "status": "COMPLETED",
      "acronym": "SIR",
      "masking": "NONE",
      "keywords": [
        "obesity"
      ],
      "startDate": "2010-05",
      "studyType": "INTERVENTIONAL",
      "allocation": "RANDOMIZED",
      "briefTitle": "Sugar-replacement Sweeteners, and Blood Sugar Control",
      "conditions": [
        "Obesity"
      ],
      "enrollment": 17,
      "hasResults": true,
      "leadSponsor": "Washington University School of Medicine",
      "briefSummary": "Several sugar-replacement sweeteners are currently on the market, including saccharine (ex. Sweet'N Low), aspartame (ex. Equal), and sucralose (ex. Splenda). The purpose of this st…",
      "organization": "Washington University School of Medicine",
      "firstPostedOn": "2010-05-24",
      "lastUpdatedOn": "2014-12-22",
      "officialTitle": "Regulation of Incretin Release by Non-nutritive Sweeteners in Humans",
      "completionDate": "2012-10",
      "enrollmentType": "ACTUAL",
      "primaryPurpose": "BASIC_SCIENCE",
      "leadSponsorClass": "OTHER",
      "statusVerifiedOn": "2014-12",
      "interventionModel": "CROSSOVER",
      "primaryCompletionDate": "2012-02"
    }
  ],
  "limit": 3,
  "total": 15144,
  "cursor": null,
  "status": "COMPLETED",
  "hasMore": true,
  "provider": "pubmed",
  "condition": "diabetes",
  "nextCursor": "ZVt07cGHkvI2wRk2CJf6_LLt25GeMN8wd7KrgP4Ymj2e"
}

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