# PubMed — Zapi reference > NCBI E-utilities across 37 Entrez databases — literature search, summaries, full records, cross-database links, citation metrics and clinical trials. **Base URL:** `https://api.zpi.web.id` **Auth:** Send `x-api-key: YOUR_KEY` header on every request. Get a free key at https://zpi.web.id/dashboard/keys. **Response envelope:** `{ content, message, errors }` **Rate limit:** 60 req/min on free tier. **Related:** - Detail page: https://zpi.web.id/api/research/pubmed - Endpoint catalog: https://zpi.web.id/category/research - Concise index: https://zpi.web.id/llms.txt - Full reference: https://zpi.web.id/llms-full.txt --- ## PubMed **Category:** research · **Slug:** `pubmed` **Detail page:** https://zpi.web.id/api/research/pubmed NCBI E-utilities across 37 Entrez databases — literature search, summaries, full records, cross-database links, citation metrics and clinical trials. **Tags:** pubmed, ncbi, literature, biomedical, research, citations ### Abstract efetch db=pubmed&rettype=abstract&retmode=text, pre-bound. The payload is one numbered block per record; the split keys each block back to its PMID so the - **Method:** `GET` - **Endpoint:** `https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/abstract` - **Cache TTL:** 300s **Parameters:** | Name | Type | Location | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|----------|-------------| | `id` | string | query | yes | Comma-separated PMIDs, max 200 per call | **cURL:** ```bash curl "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/abstract?id=33301246%2C32109013" \ -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" ``` **JavaScript / TypeScript:** ```javascript const res = await fetch("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/abstract?id=33301246%2C32109013", { headers: { "x-api-key": process.env.ZAPI_KEY } }); const data = await res.json(); ``` **Python:** ```python import requests r = requests.get("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/abstract?id=33301246%2C32109013", headers={"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"}) data = r.json() ``` **Example response:** ```json { "db": "pubmed", "count": 2, "items": [ { "pmid": "33301246", "content": "1. N Engl J Med. 2020 Dec 31;383(27):2603-2615. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2034577. Epub \n2020 Dec 10.\n\nSafety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine.\n\nPolack FP(1), Thomas SJ(1), Kitchin N(1), Absalon J(1), Gurtman A(1), Lockhart \nS(1), Perez JL(1), Pérez Marc G(1), Moreira ED(1), Zerbini C(1), Bailey R(1), \nSwanson KA(1), Roychoudhury S(1), Koury K(1), Li P(1), Kalina WV(1), Cooper \nD(1), Frenck RW Jr(1), Hammitt LL(1), Türeci Ö(1), Nell H(1), Schaefer A(1), \nÜnal S(1), Tresnan DB(1), Mather S(1), Dormitzer PR(1), Şahin U(1), Jansen \nKU(1), Gruber WC(1); C4591001 Clinical Trial Group.\n\nCollaborators: Aberg J, Addo M, Akhan S, Albertson T, Al-Ibrahim M, Altın S, \nAnderson C, Andrews C, Arora S, Balik I, Barnett E, Bauer G, Baumann-Noss S, \nBerhe M, Bradley P, Brandon D, Brune D, Burgher A, Butcher B, Butuk D, Cannon K, \nCardona J, Cavelli R, Chalhoub F, Christensen S, Christensen T, Chu L, Cox S, \nCrook G, Davis M, Davit R, Denham D, Dever M, Donskey C, Doust M, Dunn M, Earl \nJ, Eder F, Eich A, Ensz D, Essink B, Falcone R, Falsey A, Farrington C, Finberg \nR, Finn D, Fitz-Patrick D, Fortmann S, Fouche L, Fragoso V, Frenck R, Fried D, \nFuller G, Fussell S, Garcia-Diaz J, Gentry A, Glover R, Greenbaum C, Grubb S, \nHammitt L, Harper C, Harper W, Hartman A, Heller R, Hendrix E, Herrington D, \nJennings T, Karabay O, Kaster S, Katzman S, Kingsley J, Klein N, Klein T, Koch \nM, Köksal I, Koren M, Kutner M, Lee M, Leibowitz M, Levin M, Libster R, \nLillestol M, Lucasti C, Luttermann M, Manning MBE, Martin M, Matherne P, \nMcMurray J, Mert A, Middleton R, Mitha E, Morawski E, Moreira E, Mulligan M, \nMurray A, Mussaji M, Musungaie D, Nell H, Odekirk L, Ogbuagu O, Paolino K, Patel \nS, Peterson J, Pickrell P, Polack F, Poretz D, Raad G, Randall W, Rankin B, \nReynolds S, Riesenberg R, Rodriguez H, Rosen J, Rubino J, Rupp R, Saiger S, \nSalata R, Saleh J, Schaefer A, Schear M, Schultz A, Schwartz H, Segall N, Seger \nW, Senders S, Sharp S, Shoffner S, Simsek Yavuz S, Sligh T, Smith W, Stacey H, \nStephens M, Studdard H, Tabak F, Talaat K, Thomas S, Towner W, Tran V, Ünal S, \nUsdan L, Vanchiere J, Varano S, Wadsworth ETL, Walsh W, Walter E, Wappner D, \nWhiles R, Williams H, Wilson J, Winkle P, Winokur P, Wolf T, Yozviak J, Zerbini \nC.\n\nAuthor information:\n(1)From Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), \nBuenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse \n(S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., \nK.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine \nResearch and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); \nVaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety \nSurveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação \nObras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro \nPaulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global \nProduct Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, \nCincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore \n(L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen \n(A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape \nTown, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and \nWorldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT \n(D.B.T.).\n\nComment in\n N Engl J Med. 2020 Dec 31;383(27):2677-2678. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe2034717.\n Nature. 2020 Dec;588(7838):377-378. doi: 10.1038/d41586-020-03542-4.\n Semergen. 2021 Jan-Feb;47(1):1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.semerg.2020.12.005.\n Panminerva Med. 2022 Mar;64(1):131-132. doi: 10.23736/S0031-0808.21.04286-5.\n Ann Intern Med. 2021 Feb;174(2):JC15. doi: 10.7326/ACPJ202102160-015.\n MMW Fortschr Med. 2021 Feb;163(2):24-25. doi: 10.1007/s15006-021-9577-4.\n N Engl J Med. 2021 Apr 22;384(16):1576-1577. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2036242.\n N Engl J Med. 2021 Apr 22;384(16):1577. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2036242.\n N Engl J Med. 2021 Apr 22;384(16):1577-1578. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2036242.\n Virol Sin. 2021 Oct;36(5):1097-1103. doi: 10.1007/s12250-021-00408-5.\n N Engl J Med. 2022 Mar 24;386(12):1176-1179. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe2202547.\n\nBACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) \ninfection and the resulting coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) have afflicted \ntens of millions of people in a worldwide pandemic. Safe and effective vaccines \nare needed urgently.\nMETHODS: In an ongoing multinational, placebo-controlled, observer-blinded, \npivotal efficacy trial, we randomly assigned persons 16 years of age or older in \na 1:1 ratio to receive two doses, 21 days apart, of either placebo or the \nBNT162b2 vaccine candidate (30 μg per dose). BNT162b2 is a lipid \nnanoparticle-formulated, nucleoside-modified RNA vaccine that encodes a \nprefusion stabilized, membrane-anchored SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike protein. \nThe primary end points were efficacy of the vaccine against laboratory-confirmed \nCovid-19 and safety.\nRESULTS: A total of 43,548 participants underwent randomization, of whom 43,448 \nreceived injections: 21,720 with BNT162b2 and 21,728 with placebo. There were 8 \ncases of Covid-19 with onset at least 7 days after the second dose among \nparticipants assigned to receive BNT162b2 and 162 cases among those assigned to \nplacebo; BNT162b2 was 95% effective in preventing Covid-19 (95% credible \ninterval, 90.3 to 97.6). Similar vaccine efficacy (generally 90 to 100%) was \nobserved across subgroups defined by age, sex, race, ethnicity, baseline \nbody-mass index, and the presence of coexisting conditions. Among 10 cases of \nsevere Covid-19 with onset after the first dose, 9 occurred in placebo \nrecipients and 1 in a BNT162b2 recipient. The safety profile of BNT162b2 was \ncharacterized by short-term, mild-to-moderate pain at the injection site, \nfatigue, and headache. The incidence of serious adverse events was low and was \nsimilar in the vaccine and placebo groups.\nCONCLUSIONS: A two-dose regimen of BNT162b2 conferred 95% protection against \nCovid-19 in persons 16 years of age or older. Safety over a median of 2 months \nwas similar to that of other viral vaccines. (Funded by BioNTech and Pfizer; \nClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04368728.).\n\nCopyright © 2020 Massachusetts Medical Society.\n\nDOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2034577\nPMCID: PMC7745181\nPMID: 33301246 [Indexed for MEDLINE]" }, { "pmid": "32109013", "content": "2. N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 30;382(18):1708-1720. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032. Epub \n2020 Feb 28.\n\nClinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China.\n\nGuan WJ(1), Ni ZY(1), Hu Y(1), Liang WH(1), Ou CQ(1), He JX(1), Liu L(1), Shan \nH(1), Lei CL(1), Hui DSC(1), Du B(1), Li LJ(1), Zeng G(1), Yuen KY(1), Chen \nRC(1), Tang CL(1), Wang T(1), Chen PY(1), Xiang J(1), Li SY(1), Wang JL(1), \nLiang ZJ(1), Peng YX(1), Wei L(1), Liu Y(1), Hu YH(1), Peng P(1), Wang JM(1), \nLiu JY(1), Chen Z(1), Li G(1), Zheng ZJ(1), Qiu SQ(1), Luo J(1), Ye CJ(1), Zhu \nSY(1), Zhong NS(1); China Medical Treatment Expert Group for Covid-19.\n\nCollaborators: Zhong NS, Li LJ, Zeng G, Gao GF, Yuen KY.\n\nAuthor information:\n(1)From the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical \nResearch Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory \nHealth, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., \nJ.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments \nof Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency \nMedicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and \nGuangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the \nState Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, \nGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of \nPublic Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan \nJinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, \nHuazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of \nWuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and \nWestern Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital \nAffiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and \nthe People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's \nHospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science \nand Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. \nLiu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, \nUniversity of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth \nAffiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of \nMedicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), \nand the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka \nShing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong \nKong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical \nCollege and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center \nfor Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for \nDiagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research \nCenter for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, \nZhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical \nCenter, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, \nAffiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the \nFirst Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of \nHainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), \nWenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of \nYichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of \nMedicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - \nall in China.\n\nComment in\n N Engl J Med. 2020 May 7;382(19):1859. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2005203.\n N Engl J Med. 2020 May 7;382(19):1860. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2005203.\n N Engl J Med. 2020 May 7;382(19):1860. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2005203.\n N Engl J Med. 2020 May 7;382(19):1860-1861. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2005203.\n Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 May - Jun;35:101620. doi: \n10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101620.\n Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020 Apr;162:108132. doi: \n10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108132.\n Int J Cardiol. 2020 Jul 1;310:167-168. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.03.074.\n Singapore Med J. 2020 Sep;61(9):460-462. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2020051.\n Br J Haematol. 2020 May;189(4):640-642. doi: 10.1111/bjh.16699.\n Spinal Cord. 2020 Jun;58(6):724-725. doi: 10.1038/s41393-020-0472-0.\n Urology. 2020 Aug;142:42. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.04.069.\n Eur Respir J. 2020 Aug 13;56(2):2001692. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01692-2020.\n Eur Respir J. 2020 Jul 16;56(1):2001234. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01234-2020.\n Med J Malaysia. 2020 May;75(3):309-310.\n Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Jul 1;319(1):E197-E202. doi: \n10.1152/ajpendo.00255.2020.\n Rehabilitacion (Madr). 2020 Oct - Dec;54(4):228-230. doi: \n10.1016/j.rh.2020.06.002.\n Hepatology. 2020 Nov;72(5):1509-1513. doi: 10.1002/hep.31522.\n S Afr Med J. 2020 Jun 02;110(7):572-573. doi: \n10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v110i7.14917.\n Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020 Oct 3;5(1):217. doi: \n10.1038/s41392-020-00333-1.\n Mayo Clin Proc. 2020 Oct;95(10):2062-2064. doi: \n10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.08.012.\n Pulmonology. 2021 Mar-Apr;27(2):91-93. doi: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.11.002.\n Perm J. 2020 Dec;25:1. doi: 10.7812/TPP/20.140.\n\nBACKGROUND: Since December 2019, when coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) \nemerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China, data have been needed \non the clinical characteristics of the affected patients.\nMETHODS: We extracted data regarding 1099 patients with laboratory-confirmed \nCovid-19 from 552 hospitals in 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and \nmunicipalities in mainland China through January 29, 2020. The primary composite \nend point was admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), the use of mechanical \nventilation, or death.\nRESULTS: The median age of the patients was 47 years; 41.9% of the patients were \nfemale. The primary composite end point occurred in 67 patients (6.1%), \nincluding 5.0% who were admitted to the ICU, 2.3% who underwent invasive \nmechanical ventilation, and 1.4% who died. Only 1.9% of the patients had a \nhistory of direct contact with wildlife. Among nonresidents of Wuhan, 72.3% had \ncontact with residents of Wuhan, including 31.3% who had visited the city. The \nmost common symptoms were fever (43.8% on admission and 88.7% during \nhospitalization) and cough (67.8%). Diarrhea was uncommon (3.8%). The median \nincubation period was 4 days (interquartile range, 2 to 7). On admission, \nground-glass opacity was the most common radiologic finding on chest computed \ntomography (CT) (56.4%). No radiographic or CT abnormality was found in 157 of \n877 patients (17.9%) with nonsevere disease and in 5 of 173 patients (2.9%) with \nsevere disease. Lymphocytopenia was present in 83.2% of the patients on \nadmission.\nCONCLUSIONS: During the first 2 months of the current outbreak, Covid-19 spread \nrapidly throughout China and caused varying degrees of illness. Patients often \npresented without fever, and many did not have abnormal radiologic findings. \n(Funded by the National Health Commission of China and others.).\n\nCopyright © 2020 Massachusetts Medical Society.\n\nDOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032\nPMCID: PMC7092819\nPMID: 32109013 [Indexed for MEDLINE]" } ], "format": "text", "provider": "pubmed" } ``` --- ### Annotation Search PubTator3 entity-aware search. Page size is the service's own, not ours — it reports page_size back and ignores any attempt to set it. - **Method:** `GET` - **Endpoint:** `https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/annotation-search` - **Cache TTL:** 300s **Parameters:** | Name | Type | Location | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|----------|-------------| | `text` | string | query | yes | Free text, or a PubTator concept id such as @DISEASE_COVID_19 to search by entity | | `page` | number | query | no | Page number. Default 1 | | `sort` | enum(relevance|date) | query | no | Result order. Default relevance | **cURL:** ```bash curl "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/annotation-search?text=covid-19%20vaccine&page=1&sort=relevance" \ -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" ``` **JavaScript / TypeScript:** ```javascript const res = await fetch("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/annotation-search?text=covid-19%20vaccine&page=1&sort=relevance", { headers: { "x-api-key": process.env.ZAPI_KEY } }); const data = await res.json(); ``` **Python:** ```python import requests r = requests.get("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/annotation-search?text=covid-19%20vaccine&page=1&sort=relevance", headers={"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"}) data = r.json() ``` **Example response:** ```json { "page": 1, "text": "covid-19 vaccine", "count": 10, "items": [ { "doi": "10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001576", "date": "2023-07-01T00:00:00Z", "pmid": "37400094", "issue": "7", "pages": "519-523", "score": 291.16425, "title": "Associations between COVID-19 Death Exposure and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Vaccine Uptake.", "volume": "116", "authors": [ "Andersen JA", "Scott AJ", "Rowland B", "Willis DE", "McElfish PA" ], "journal": "South Med J", "highlight": "Associations between @DISEASE_COVID_19 @DISEASE_MESH:D000086382 @@@COVID-19 Death@@@ Exposure and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Vaccine Uptake.", "citationNlm": "Andersen JA, Scott AJ, Rowland B, Willis DE, McElfish PA. Associations between COVID-19 Death Exposure and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Vaccine Uptake. South Med J. 2023 Jul;116(7):519-523. PMID: 37400094", "publishedOn": "2023 Jul", "citationBibTeX": "@article{37400094, title={Associations between COVID-19 Death Exposure and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Vaccine Uptake.}, author={Andersen JA and Scott AJ and Rowland B and Willis DE and McElfish PA}, journal={South Med J}, volume={116}, number={7}, pages={519-523}}" }, { "doi": "10.12968/bjon.2021.30.6.344", "date": "2021-03-25T00:00:00Z", "pmid": "33769885", "issue": "6", "pages": "344-349", "score": 290.42218, "title": "COVID-19 vaccines and vaccine administration.", "volume": "30", "authors": [ "Gordon C", "Porteous D", "Unsworth J" ], "journal": "Br J Nurs", "highlight": "@DISEASE_COVID_19 @DISEASE_MESH:D000086382 @@@COVID-19@@@ vaccines and vaccine administration.", "citationNlm": "Gordon C, Porteous D, Unsworth J. COVID-19 vaccines and vaccine administration. Br J Nurs. 2021 Mar 25;30(6):344-349. PMID: 33769885", "publishedOn": "2021 Mar 25", "citationBibTeX": "@article{33769885, title={COVID-19 vaccines and vaccine administration.}, author={Gordon C and Porteous D and Unsworth J}, journal={Br J Nurs}, volume={30}, number={6}, pages={344-349}}" }, { "doi": "10.1164/rccm.2021C2", "date": "2021-05-01T00:00:00Z", "pmid": "33759735", "issue": "9", "pages": "P22-P23", "score": 289.14032, "title": "What Are COVID-19 Vaccines?", "volume": "203", "authors": [ "Hartert TV", "Sockrider M" ], "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "highlight": "What Are @DISEASE_COVID_19 @DISEASE_MESH:D000086382 @@@COVID-19@@@ Vaccines?", "citationNlm": "Hartert TV, Sockrider M. What Are COVID-19 Vaccines? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021 May 1;203(9):P22-P23. PMID: 33759735", "publishedOn": "2021 May 1", "citationBibTeX": "@article{33759735, title={What Are COVID-19 Vaccines?}, author={Hartert TV and Sockrider M}, journal={Am J Respir Crit Care Med}, volume={203}, number={9}, pages={P22-P23}}" }, { "doi": "10.32481/djph.2022.03.010", "date": "2022-03-29T00:00:00Z", "pmid": "35402935", "issue": "1", "pages": "68", "score": 289.14032, "title": "Vaccines for COVID-19", "volume": "8", "authors": [ "Eppes SC" ], "journal": "Dela J Public Health", "highlight": "Vaccines for @DISEASE_COVID_19 @DISEASE_MESH:D000086382 @@@COVID-19@@@", "citationNlm": "Eppes SC. Vaccines for COVID-19 Dela J Public Health. 2022 Mar;8(1):68. PMID: 35402935", "publishedOn": "2022 Mar", "citationBibTeX": "@article{35402935, title={Vaccines for COVID-19}, author={Eppes SC}, journal={Dela J Public Health}, volume={8}, number={1}, pages={68}}" }, { "doi": "10.1186/s12889-022-13540-y", "date": "2022-06-18T00:00:00Z", "pmid": "35717164", "issue": "1", "pages": "1219", "score": 289.02994, "title": "COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: a midwifery survey into attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine", "volume": "22", "authors": [ "Odejinmi F", "Mallick R", "Neophytou C", "Mondeh K", "Hall M", "Scrivener C", "Tibble K", "Turay-Olusile M" ], "journal": "BMC Public Health", "highlight": "@DISEASE_COVID_19 @DISEASE_MESH:D000086382 @@@COVID-19@@@ vaccine hesitancy: a midwifery survey into attitudes towards the @DISEASE_COVID_19 @DISEASE_MESH:D000086382 @@@COVID-19@@@ vaccine", "citationNlm": "Odejinmi F, Mallick R, Neophytou C, Mondeh K, Hall M, Scrivener C, Tibble K, Turay-Olusile M, Deo N, Oforiwaa D, Osayimwen R. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: a midwifery survey into attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine BMC Public Health. 2022 Jun 18;22(1):1219. PMID: 35717164", "publishedOn": "2022 Jun 18", "citationBibTeX": "@article{35717164, title={COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: a midwifery survey into attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine}, author={Odejinmi F and Mallick R and Neophytou C and Mondeh K and Hall M and Scrivener C and Tibble K and Turay-Olusile M and Deo N and Oforiwaa D and Osayimwen R}, journal={BMC Public Health}, volume={22}, number={1}, pages={1219}}" }, { "doi": "10.1136/bmj.o2535", "date": "2022-10-21T00:00:00Z", "pmid": "36270640", "issue": "", "pages": "o2535", "score": 288.58517, "title": "What next for covid-19 vaccines?", "volume": "379", "journal": "BMJ", "highlight": "What next for @DISEASE_COVID_19 @DISEASE_MESH:D000086382 @@@covid-19@@@ vaccines?", "citationNlm": "What next for covid-19 vaccines? BMJ. 2022 Oct 21;379():o2535. PMID: 36270640", "publishedOn": "2022 Oct 21", "citationBibTeX": "@article{36270640, title={What next for covid-19 vaccines?}, journal={BMJ}, volume={379}, pages={o2535}}" }, { "doi": "10.1136/bmj.o2422", "date": "2022-10-20T00:00:00Z", "pmid": "36265866", "issue": "", "pages": "o2422", "score": 288.58517, "title": "What next for covid-19 vaccines?", "volume": "379", "authors": [ "Looi MK", "Mahase E" ], "journal": "BMJ", "highlight": "What next for @DISEASE_COVID_19 @DISEASE_MESH:D000086382 @@@covid-19@@@ vaccines?", "citationNlm": "Looi MK, Mahase E. What next for covid-19 vaccines? BMJ. 2022 Oct 20;379():o2422. PMID: 36265866", "publishedOn": "2022 Oct 20", "citationBibTeX": "@article{36265866, title={What next for covid-19 vaccines?}, author={Looi MK and Mahase E}, journal={BMJ}, volume={379}, pages={o2422}}" }, { "doi": "10.1016/j.eprac.2021.01.013", "date": "2021-02-01T00:00:00Z", "pmid": "33515760", "issue": "2", "pages": "170-172", "score": 288.58517, "title": "COVID-19 Vaccine", "volume": "27", "authors": [ "Fernandes A", "Chaudhari S", "Jamil N", "Gopalakrishnan G" ], "journal": "Endocr Pract", "highlight": "@DISEASE_COVID_19 @DISEASE_MESH:D000086382 @@@COVID-19@@@ Vaccine", "citationNlm": "Fernandes A, Chaudhari S, Jamil N, Gopalakrishnan G. COVID-19 Vaccine Endocr Pract. 2021 Feb;27(2):170-172. PMID: 33515760", "publishedOn": "2021 Feb", "citationBibTeX": "@article{33515760, title={COVID-19 Vaccine}, author={Fernandes A and Chaudhari S and Jamil N and Gopalakrishnan G}, journal={Endocr Pract}, volume={27}, number={2}, pages={170-172}}" } ], "limit": 10, "total": 152737, "facets": { "type": [ { "name": "Journal Article", "count": 137431 }, { "name": "Review", "count": 26305 }, { "name": "Editorial", "count": 4670 }, { "name": "Letter", "count": 4534 }, { "name": "Comment", "count": 2301 } ], "year": [ { "name": "2022", "count": 43790 }, { "name": "2021", "count": 32118 }, { "name": "2023", "count": 31676 }, { "name": "2024", "count": 16725 }, { "name": "2020", "count": 12835 }, { "name": "2025", "count": 12536 }, { "name": "2026", "count": 3019 }, { "name": "2019", "count": 17 } ], "journal": [ { "name": "Vaccines (Basel)", "count": 5035 }, { "name": "PLoS One", "count": 3648 }, { "name": "Front Immunol", "count": 2803 }, { "name": "Sci Rep", "count": 2685 }, { "name": "Front Public Health", "count": 2585 } ] }, "hasMore": true, "nextPage": 2, "provider": "pubmed" } ``` --- ### Annotations PubTator3 BioC-JSON export. The service answers 29 KB of browsable HTML on a default Accept and still says 200, so application/json is not optional here. - **Method:** `GET` - **Endpoint:** `https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/annotations` - **Cache TTL:** 300s **Parameters:** | Name | Type | Location | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|----------|-------------| | `pmids` | string | query | yes | Comma-separated PMIDs, max 100 per call | | `full` | enum(true|false) | query | no | Annotate the full text instead of title and abstract. Default false | **cURL:** ```bash curl "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/annotations?pmids=33301246%2C32109013&full=false" \ -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" ``` **JavaScript / TypeScript:** ```javascript const res = await fetch("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/annotations?pmids=33301246%2C32109013&full=false", { headers: { "x-api-key": process.env.ZAPI_KEY } }); const data = await res.json(); ``` **Python:** ```python import requests r = requests.get("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/annotations?pmids=33301246%2C32109013&full=false", headers={"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"}) data = r.json() ``` **Example response:** ```json { "count": 2, "items": [ { "pmid": "32109013", "year": 2020, "pmcid": "PMC7092819", "authors": "Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, Liu L, Shan H, Lei CL, Hui DSC, Du B, Li LJ, Zeng G, Yuen KY, Chen RC, Tang CL, Wang T, Chen PY, Xiang J, Li SY, Wang JL, Liang ZJ, Peng YX, Wei L, Liu Y, Hu YH, Peng P, Wang JM, Liu JY, Chen Z, Li G, Zheng ZJ, Qiu SQ, Luo J, Ye CJ, Zhu SY, Zhong NS", "journal": "N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 30;382(18):1708-1720. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032. Epub ", "passages": [ { "text": "Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China.", "type": "title", "offset": 0, "section": null, "annotations": [ { "id": "1", "name": "COVID-19", "text": "Coronavirus Disease 2019", "type": "Disease", "biotype": "disease", "database": "ncbi_mesh", "accession": "@DISEASE_COVID_19", "locations": [ { "span": 24, "offset": 28 } ], "identifier": "MESH:D000086382", "normalizedId": "D000086382" } ] }, { "text": "BACKGROUND: Since December 2019, when coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China, data have been needed on the clinical characteristics of the affected patients. METHODS: We extracted data regarding 1099 patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 from 552 hospitals in 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in mainland China through January 29, 2020. The primary composite end point was admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), the use of mechanical ventilation, or death. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 47 years; 41.9% of the patients were female. The primary composite end point occurred in 67 patients (6.1%), including 5.0% who were admitted to the ICU, 2.3% who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation, and 1.4% who died. Only 1.9% of the patients had a history of direct contact with wildlife. Among nonresidents of Wuhan, 72.3% had contact with residents of Wuhan, including 31.3% who had visited the city. The most common symptoms were fever (43.8% on admission and 88.7% during hospitalization) and cough (67.8%). Diarrhea was uncommon (3.8%). The median incubation period was 4 days (interquartile range, 2 to 7). On admission, ground-glass opacity was the most common radiologic finding on chest computed tomography (CT) (56.4%). No radiographic or CT abnormality was found in 157 of 877 patients (17.9%) with nonsevere disease and in 5 of 173 patients (2.9%) with severe disease. Lymphocytopenia was present in 83.2% of the patients on admission. CONCLUSIONS: During the first 2 months of the current outbreak, Covid-19 spread rapidly throughout China and caused varying degrees of illness. Patients often presented without fever, and many did not have abnormal radiologic findings. (Funded by the National Health Commission of China and others.).", "type": "abstract", "offset": 63, "section": null, "annotations": [ { "id": "23", "name": "COVID-19", "text": "coronavirus disease 2019", "type": "Disease", "biotype": "disease", "database": "ncbi_mesh", "accession": "@DISEASE_COVID_19", "locations": [ { "span": 24, "offset": 101 } ], "identifier": "MESH:D000086382", "normalizedId": "D000086382" }, { "id": "24", "name": "COVID-19", "text": "Covid-19", "type": "Disease", "biotype": "disease", "database": "ncbi_mesh", "accession": "@DISEASE_COVID_19", "locations": [ { "span": 8, "offset": 127 } ], "identifier": "MESH:D000086382", "normalizedId": "D000086382" }, { "id": "25", "name": "9606", "text": "patients", "type": "Species", "biotype": "species", "database": "ncbi_taxonomy", "accession": null, "locations": [ { "span": 8, "offset": 266 } ], "identifier": "9606", "normalizedId": 9606 }, { "id": "26", "name": "9606", "text": "patients", "type": "Species", "biotype": "species", "database": "ncbi_taxonomy", "accession": null, "locations": [ { "span": 8, "offset": 318 } ], "identifier": "9606", "normalizedId": 9606 }, { "id": "27", "name": "COVID-19", "text": "Covid-19", "type": "Disease", "biotype": "disease", "database": "ncbi_mesh", "accession": "@DISEASE_COVID_19", "locations": [ { "span": 8, "offset": 353 } ], "identifier": "MESH:D000086382", "normalizedId": "D000086382" }, { "id": "28", "name": "Death", "text": "death", "type": "Disease", "biotype": "disease", "database": "ncbi_mesh", "accession": "@DISEASE_Death", "locations": [ { "span": 5, "offset": 598 } ], "identifier": "MESH:D003643", "normalizedId": "D003643" }, { "id": "29", "name": "9606", "text": "patients", "type": "Species", "biotype": "species", "database": "ncbi_taxonomy", "accession": null, "locations": [ { "span": 8, "offset": 636 } ], "identifier": "9606", "normalizedId": 9606 }, { "id": "30", "name": "9606", "text": "patients", "type": "Species", "biotype": "species", "database": "ncbi_taxonomy", "accession": null, "locations": [ { "span": 8, "offset": 672 } ], "identifier": "9606", "normalizedId": 9606 } ] } ], "annotationCount": 22 }, { "pmid": "33301246", "year": 2020, "pmcid": "PMC7745181", "authors": "Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, Lockhart S, Perez JL, Perez Marc G, Moreira ED, Zerbini C, Bailey R, Swanson KA, Roychoudhury S, Koury K, Li P, Kalina WV, Cooper D, Frenck RW Jr, Hammitt LL, Tureci O, Nell H, Schaefer A, Unal S, Tresnan DB, Mather S, Dormitzer PR, Sahin U, Jansen KU, Gruber WC", "journal": "N Engl J Med. 2020 Dec 31;383(27):2603-2615. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2034577. Epub ", "passages": [ { "text": "Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine.", "type": "title", "offset": 0, "section": null, "annotations": [ { "id": "1", "name": "COVID-19", "text": "Covid-19", "type": "Disease", "biotype": "disease", "database": "ncbi_mesh", "accession": "@DISEASE_COVID_19", "locations": [ { "span": 8, "offset": 41 } ], "identifier": "MESH:D000086382", "normalizedId": "D000086382" } ] }, { "text": "BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the resulting coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) have afflicted tens of millions of people in a worldwide pandemic. Safe and effective vaccines are needed urgently. METHODS: In an ongoing multinational, placebo-controlled, observer-blinded, pivotal efficacy trial, we randomly assigned persons 16 years of age or older in a 1:1 ratio to receive two doses, 21 days apart, of either placebo or the BNT162b2 vaccine candidate (30 mug per dose). BNT162b2 is a lipid nanoparticle-formulated, nucleoside-modified RNA vaccine that encodes a prefusion stabilized, membrane-anchored SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike protein. The primary end points were efficacy of the vaccine against laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 and safety. RESULTS: A total of 43,548 participants underwent randomization, of whom 43,448 received injections: 21,720 with BNT162b2 and 21,728 with placebo. There were 8 cases of Covid-19 with onset at least 7 days after the second dose among participants assigned to receive BNT162b2 and 162 cases among those assigned to placebo; BNT162b2 was 95% effective in preventing Covid-19 (95% credible interval, 90.3 to 97.6). Similar vaccine efficacy (generally 90 to 100%) was observed across subgroups defined by age, sex, race, ethnicity, baseline body-mass index, and the presence of coexisting conditions. Among 10 cases of severe Covid-19 with onset after the first dose, 9 occurred in placebo recipients and 1 in a BNT162b2 recipient. The safety profile of BNT162b2 was characterized by short-term, mild-to-moderate pain at the injection site, fatigue, and headache. The incidence of serious adverse events was low and was similar in the vaccine and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS: A two-dose regimen of BNT162b2 conferred 95% protection against Covid-19 in persons 16 years of age or older. Safety over a median of 2 months was similar to that of other viral vaccines. (Funded by BioNTech and Pfizer; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04368728.).", "type": "abstract", "offset": 59, "section": null, "annotations": [ { "id": "16", "name": "COVID-19", "text": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection", "type": "Disease", "biotype": "disease", "database": "ncbi_mesh", "accession": "@DISEASE_COVID_19", "locations": [ { "span": 70, "offset": 71 } ], "identifier": "MESH:D000086382", "normalizedId": "D000086382" }, { "id": "17", "name": "COVID-19", "text": "coronavirus disease 2019", "type": "Disease", "biotype": "disease", "database": "ncbi_mesh", "accession": "@DISEASE_COVID_19", "locations": [ { "span": 24, "offset": 160 } ], "identifier": "MESH:D000086382", "normalizedId": "D000086382" }, { "id": "18", "name": "COVID-19", "text": "Covid-19", "type": "Disease", "biotype": "disease", "database": "ncbi_mesh", "accession": "@DISEASE_COVID_19", "locations": [ { "span": 8, "offset": 186 } ], "identifier": "MESH:D000086382", "normalizedId": "D000086382" }, { "id": "19", "name": "Lipids", "text": "lipid", "type": "Chemical", "biotype": "chemical", "database": "ncbi_mesh", "accession": "@CHEMICAL_Lipids", "locations": [ { "span": 5, "offset": 603 } ], "identifier": "MESH:D008055", "normalizedId": "D008055" }, { "id": "20", "name": "Nucleosides", "text": "nucleoside", "type": "Chemical", "biotype": "chemical", "database": "ncbi_mesh", "accession": "@CHEMICAL_Nucleosides", "locations": [ { "span": 10, "offset": 634 } ], "identifier": "MESH:D009705", "normalizedId": "D009705" }, { "id": "21", "name": "S", "text": "spike", "type": "Gene", "biotype": "gene", "database": "ncbi_gene", "accession": "@GENE_S", "locations": [ { "span": 5, "offset": 744 } ], "identifier": "43740568", "normalizedId": 43740568 }, { "id": "22", "name": "COVID-19", "text": "Covid-19", "type": "Disease", "biotype": "disease", "database": "ncbi_mesh", "accession": "@DISEASE_COVID_19", "locations": [ { "span": 8, "offset": 840 } ], "identifier": "MESH:D000086382", "normalizedId": "D000086382" }, { "id": "23", "name": "COVID-19", "text": "Covid-19", "type": "Disease", "biotype": "disease", "database": "ncbi_mesh", "accession": "@DISEASE_COVID_19", "locations": [ { "span": 8, "offset": 1030 } ], "identifier": "MESH:D000086382", "normalizedId": "D000086382" } ] } ], "annotationCount": 15 } ], "fullText": false, "provider": "pubmed" } ``` --- ### Citation Export NCBI literature citation exporter. A PMID that does not exist answers 200 with a zero-byte body, so an empty response is a verdict here, not a transport failure. - **Method:** `GET` - **Endpoint:** `https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/citation-export` - **Cache TTL:** 300s **Parameters:** | Name | Type | Location | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|----------|-------------| | `id` | string | query | yes | One PMID, or a PMC id when db is pmc | | `db` | enum(pubmed|pmc) | query | no | Source collection. Default pubmed | | `format` | enum(csl|ris|medline) | query | no | csl returns JSON, ris and medline return text. Default csl | **cURL:** ```bash curl "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/citation-export?id=33301246&db=pubmed&format=csl" \ -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" ``` **JavaScript / TypeScript:** ```javascript const res = await fetch("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/citation-export?id=33301246&db=pubmed&format=csl", { headers: { "x-api-key": process.env.ZAPI_KEY } }); const data = await res.json(); ``` **Python:** ```python import requests r = requests.get("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/citation-export?id=33301246&db=pubmed&format=csl", headers={"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"}) data = r.json() ``` **Example response:** ```json { "db": "pubmed", "id": "33301246", "format": "csl", "citation": { "id": "pmid:33301246", "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMoa2034577", "ISSN": "0028-4793", "PMID": "33301246", "page": "2603-2615", "type": "article-journal", "PMCID": "PMC7745181", "issue": "27", "title": "Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine", "author": [ { "given": "Fernando P", "family": "Polack" }, { "given": "Stephen J", "family": "Thomas" }, { "given": "Nicholas", "family": "Kitchin" }, { "given": "Judith", "family": "Absalon" }, { "given": "Alejandra", "family": "Gurtman" }, { "given": "Stephen", "family": "Lockhart" }, { "given": "John L", "family": "Perez" }, { "given": "Gonzalo", "family": "Pérez Marc" } ], "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2020, 12, 31 ] ] }, "source": "PubMed", "volume": "383", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 8, 29 ] ] }, "epub-date": { "date-parts": [ [ 2020, 12, 10 ] ] }, "container-title": "The New England journal of medicine", "publisher-place": "United States", "container-title-short": "N Engl J Med" }, "provider": "pubmed" } ``` --- ### Citation Match ecitmatch answers plain text, one pipe-delimited line per citation, with the PMID appended after the caller's own key. A miss comes back as NOT_FOUND with a reason - **Method:** `GET` - **Endpoint:** `https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/citation-match` - **Cache TTL:** 300s **Parameters:** | Name | Type | Location | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|----------|-------------| | `journal` | string | query | yes | Journal title or NLM abbreviation | | `year` | number | query | yes | Publication year | | `volume` | string | query | no | Journal volume | | `firstPage` | string | query | no | First page of the article | | `author` | string | query | no | First author, surname and initials | | `key` | string | query | no | Your own label for this citation, echoed back on the match | **cURL:** ```bash curl "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/citation-match?journal=proc%20natl%20acad%20sci%20u%20s%20a&year=1991&volume=88&firstPage=3248&author=mann%20bj&key=ref1" \ -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" ``` **JavaScript / TypeScript:** ```javascript const res = await fetch("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/citation-match?journal=proc%20natl%20acad%20sci%20u%20s%20a&year=1991&volume=88&firstPage=3248&author=mann%20bj&key=ref1", { headers: { "x-api-key": process.env.ZAPI_KEY } }); const data = await res.json(); ``` **Python:** ```python import requests r = requests.get("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/citation-match?journal=proc%20natl%20acad%20sci%20u%20s%20a&year=1991&volume=88&firstPage=3248&author=mann%20bj&key=ref1", headers={"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"}) data = r.json() ``` **Example response:** ```json { "db": "pubmed", "key": "ref1", "pmid": "2014248", "year": 1991, "author": "mann bj", "volume": "88", "journal": "proc natl acad sci u s a", "provider": "pubmed", "firstPage": "3248" } ``` --- ### Citation Metrics iCite bibliometrics. It inlines cited_by[] and references[] — 841 KB for two PMIDs — so those arrays are opt-in rather than default. - **Method:** `GET` - **Endpoint:** `https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/citation-metrics` - **Cache TTL:** 300s **Parameters:** | Name | Type | Location | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|----------|-------------| | `pmids` | string | query | yes | Comma-separated PMIDs, max 200 per call | | `includeCitationLists` | enum(true|false) | query | no | Include the full citedBy, citedByClinical and references PMID lists. They are large — two PMIDs measured 841 KB. Default false | **cURL:** ```bash curl "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/citation-metrics?pmids=33301246%2C32109013&includeCitationLists=false" \ -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" ``` **JavaScript / TypeScript:** ```javascript const res = await fetch("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/citation-metrics?pmids=33301246%2C32109013&includeCitationLists=false", { headers: { "x-api-key": process.env.ZAPI_KEY } }); const data = await res.json(); ``` **Python:** ```python import requests r = requests.get("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/citation-metrics?pmids=33301246%2C32109013&includeCitationLists=false", headers={"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"}) data = r.json() ``` **Example response:** ```json { "count": 2, "items": [ { "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2002032", "pmid": "32109013", "year": 2020, "human": 0.7777777777777778, "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China.", "animal": 0, "xCoord": -0.19245008972987523, "yCoord": 0.6666666666666667, "authors": [ { "name": "Guan, Wei-Jie", "lastName": "Guan", "firstName": "Wei-Jie" }, { "name": "Ni, Zheng-Yi", "lastName": "Ni", "firstName": "Zheng-Yi" }, { "name": "Hu, Yu", "lastName": "Hu", "firstName": "Yu" }, { "name": "Liang, Wen-Hua", "lastName": "Liang", "firstName": "Wen-Hua" }, { "name": "Ou, Chun-Quan", "lastName": "Ou", "firstName": "Chun-Quan" }, { "name": "He, Jian-Xing", "lastName": "He", "firstName": "Jian-Xing" }, { "name": "Liu, Lei", "lastName": "Liu", "firstName": "Lei" }, { "name": "Shan, Hong", "lastName": "Shan", "firstName": "Hong" } ], "journal": "N Engl J Med", "isClinical": false, "provisional": false, "citationCount": 18784, "nihPercentile": 100, "citationsPerYear": 3130.6666666666665, "fieldCitationRate": 5.71715931843237, "isResearchArticle": true, "molecularCellular": 0.2222222222222222, "relativeCitationRatio": 1178.3415335154866, "citedByClinicalArticle": true, "expectedCitationsPerYear": 2.656841482389724, "approximatePotentialToTranslate": 0.95 }, { "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2034577", "pmid": "33301246", "year": 2020, "human": 0.8571428571428571, "title": "Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine.", "animal": 0, "xCoord": -0.12371791482634836, "yCoord": 0.7857142857142857, "authors": [ { "name": "Polack, Fernando P", "lastName": "Polack", "firstName": "Fernando P" }, { "name": "Thomas, Stephen J", "lastName": "Thomas", "firstName": "Stephen J" }, { "name": "Kitchin, Nicholas", "lastName": "Kitchin", "firstName": "Nicholas" }, { "name": "Absalon, Judith", "lastName": "Absalon", "firstName": "Judith" }, { "name": "Gurtman, Alejandra", "lastName": "Gurtman", "firstName": "Alejandra" }, { "name": "Lockhart, Stephen", "lastName": "Lockhart", "firstName": "Stephen" }, { "name": "Perez, John L", "lastName": "Perez", "firstName": "John L" }, { "name": "Marc, Gonzalo Pérez", "lastName": "Marc", "firstName": "Gonzalo Pérez" } ], "journal": "N Engl J Med", "isClinical": true, "provisional": false, "citationCount": 11647, "nihPercentile": 100, "citationsPerYear": 1941.1666666666667, "fieldCitationRate": 7.0924802409233445, "isResearchArticle": true, "molecularCellular": 0.14285714285714285, "relativeCitationRatio": 606.9075911393454, "citedByClinicalArticle": true, "expectedCitationsPerYear": 3.198455077852168, "approximatePotentialToTranslate": 0.95 } ], "provider": "pubmed", "includeCitationLists": false } ``` --- ### Database Info einfo per-database record: searchable fields, link names, build and record count. - **Method:** `GET` - **Endpoint:** `https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/database-info` - **Cache TTL:** 300s **Parameters:** | Name | Type | Location | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|----------|-------------| | `db` | enum(pubmed|protein|nuccore|ipg|nucleotide|structure|genome|grasp|annotinfo|assembly|bioproject|biosample|blastdbinfo|books|cdd|clinvar|dbvar|gene|gds|geoprofiles|medgen|mesh|nlmcatalog|omim|orgtrack|pmc|proteinclusters|pcassay|protfam|pccompound|pcsubstance|seqannot|snp|sra|taxonomy|biocollections|gtr) | query | yes | Entrez database to describe | **cURL:** ```bash curl "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/database-info?db=pubmed" \ -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" ``` **JavaScript / TypeScript:** ```javascript const res = await fetch("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/database-info?db=pubmed", { headers: { "x-api-key": process.env.ZAPI_KEY } }); const data = await res.json(); ``` **Python:** ```python import requests r = requests.get("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/database-info?db=pubmed", headers={"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"}) data = r.json() ``` **Example response:** ```json { "db": "pubmed", "build": "Build-2026.08.29.12.19", "links": [ { "dbTo": "assembly", "menu": "Assembly", "name": "pubmed_assembly", "description": "Assembly" }, { "dbTo": "bioproject", "menu": "Project Links", "name": "pubmed_bioproject", "description": "Related Projects" }, { "dbTo": "biosample", "menu": "BioSample Links", "name": "pubmed_biosample", "description": "BioSample links" }, { "dbTo": "books", "menu": "Cited in Books", "name": "pubmed_books_refs", "description": "PubMed links associated with Books" }, { "dbTo": "cdd", "menu": "Conserved Domain Links", "name": "pubmed_cdd", "description": "Link to related CDD entry" }, { "dbTo": "clinvar", "menu": "ClinVar", "name": "pubmed_clinvar", "description": "Clinical variations associated with publication" }, { "dbTo": "dbvar", "menu": "dbVar", "name": "pubmed_dbvar", "description": "Link from PubMed to dbVar" }, { "dbTo": "gap", "menu": "dbGaP Links", "name": "pubmed_gap", "description": "Related dbGaP record" } ], "fields": [ { "name": "ALL", "isDate": false, "fullName": "All Fields", "isHidden": false, "hierarchy": false, "termCount": null, "description": "All terms from all searchable fields", "isNumerical": false, "singleToken": false }, { "name": "UID", "isDate": false, "fullName": "UID", "isHidden": true, "hierarchy": false, "termCount": null, "description": "Unique number assigned to publication", "isNumerical": true, "singleToken": true }, { "name": "FILT", "isDate": false, "fullName": "Filter", "isHidden": false, "hierarchy": false, "termCount": null, "description": "Limits the records", "isNumerical": false, "singleToken": true }, { "name": "TITL", "isDate": false, "fullName": "Title", "isHidden": false, "hierarchy": false, "termCount": null, "description": "Words in title of publication", "isNumerical": false, "singleToken": false }, { "name": "MESH", "isDate": false, "fullName": "MeSH Terms", "isHidden": false, "hierarchy": true, "termCount": null, "description": "Medical Subject Headings assigned to publication", "isNumerical": false, "singleToken": true }, { "name": "MAJR", "isDate": false, "fullName": "MeSH Major Topic", "isHidden": false, "hierarchy": true, "termCount": null, "description": "MeSH terms of major importance to publication", "isNumerical": false, "singleToken": true }, { "name": "JOUR", "isDate": false, "fullName": "Journal", "isHidden": false, "hierarchy": false, "termCount": null, "description": "Journal abbreviation of publication", "isNumerical": false, "singleToken": true }, { "name": "AFFL", "isDate": false, "fullName": "Affiliation", "isHidden": false, "hierarchy": false, "termCount": null, "description": "Author's institutional affiliation and address", "isNumerical": false, "singleToken": false } ], "menuName": "PubMed", "provider": "pubmed", "linkCount": 47, "fieldCount": 48, "lastUpdate": "2026/08/29 12:19", "description": "PubMed bibliographic record", "recordCount": 41081950 } ``` --- ### Databases NCBI's 429 body echoes our egress address back inside an `api-key` field. - **Method:** `GET` - **Endpoint:** `https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/databases` - **Cache TTL:** 300s **Parameters:** _No parameters._ **cURL:** ```bash curl "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/databases" \ -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" ``` **JavaScript / TypeScript:** ```javascript const res = await fetch("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/databases", { headers: { "x-api-key": process.env.ZAPI_KEY } }); const data = await res.json(); ``` **Python:** ```python import requests r = requests.get("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/databases", headers={"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"}) data = r.json() ``` **Example response:** ```json { "count": 37, "items": [ { "db": "pubmed" }, { "db": "protein" }, { "db": "nuccore" }, { "db": "ipg" }, { "db": "nucleotide" }, { "db": "structure" }, { "db": "genome" }, { "db": "grasp" } ], "provider": "pubmed" } ``` --- ### Entity Autocomplete PubTator3 concept suggestions. The `_id` it returns is the accession the search and relations endpoints take, so it is surfaced as `conceptId` rather than dropped. - **Method:** `GET` - **Endpoint:** `https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/entity-autocomplete` - **Cache TTL:** 300s **Parameters:** | Name | Type | Location | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|----------|-------------| | `query` | string | query | yes | Partial entity name to complete | | `concept` | enum(gene|disease|chemical|species|variant|cellline) | query | no | Restrict suggestions to one entity type | | `limit` | number | query | no | Maximum suggestions to return. Default 10 | **cURL:** ```bash curl "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/entity-autocomplete?query=covid&concept=gene&limit=10" \ -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" ``` **JavaScript / TypeScript:** ```javascript const res = await fetch("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/entity-autocomplete?query=covid&concept=gene&limit=10", { headers: { "x-api-key": process.env.ZAPI_KEY } }); const data = await res.json(); ``` **Python:** ```python import requests r = requests.get("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/entity-autocomplete?query=covid&concept=gene&limit=10", headers={"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"}) data = r.json() ``` **Example response:** ```json { "count": 10, "items": [ { "name": "COVID-19", "biotype": "disease", "database": "ncbi_mesh", "conceptId": "@DISEASE_COVID_19", "matchedOn": "Matched on name COVID-19", "databaseId": "D000086382", "description": null }, { "name": "Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome", "biotype": "disease", "database": "ncbi_mesh", "conceptId": "@DISEASE_Post_Acute_COVID_19_Syndrome", "matchedOn": "Multiple matches", "databaseId": "D000094024", "description": null }, { "name": "pediatric multisystem inflammatory disease COVID-19 related", "biotype": "disease", "database": "ncbi_mesh", "conceptId": "@DISEASE_pediatric_multisystem_inflammatory_disease_COVID_19_related", "matchedOn": "Multiple matches", "databaseId": "C000705967", "description": null }, { "name": "adult multisystem inflammatory disease COVID-19 related", "biotype": "disease", "database": "ncbi_mesh", "conceptId": "@DISEASE_adult_multisystem_inflammatory_disease_COVID_19_related", "matchedOn": "Matched on synonyms COVID-19-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults", "databaseId": "C000718087", "description": null }, { "name": "COVID-19 stress syndrome", "biotype": "disease", "database": "ncbi_mesh", "conceptId": "@DISEASE_COVID_19_stress_syndrome", "matchedOn": "Matched on name COVID-19 stress syndrome", "databaseId": "C000711430", "description": null }, { "name": "COVID-19 post-intensive care syndrome", "biotype": "disease", "database": "ncbi_mesh", "conceptId": "@DISEASE_COVID_19_post_intensive_care_syndrome", "matchedOn": "Matched on name COVID-19 post-intensive care syndrome", "databaseId": "C000711429", "description": null }, { "name": "COVID-19 reinfection", "biotype": "disease", "database": "ncbi_mesh", "conceptId": "@DISEASE_COVID_19_reinfection", "matchedOn": "Matched on name COVID-19 reinfection", "databaseId": "C000722979", "description": null }, { "name": "COVID-19 breakthrough infections", "biotype": "disease", "database": "ncbi_mesh", "conceptId": "@DISEASE_COVID_19_breakthrough_infections", "matchedOn": "Matched on name COVID-19 breakthrough infections", "databaseId": "C000718127", "description": null } ], "query": "covid", "provider": "pubmed" } ``` --- ### Entity Relations PubTator3 curated relations. An unfiltered e1 can answer 158 KB, so the result is capped here and the upstream length is reported alongside it. - **Method:** `GET` - **Endpoint:** `https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/entity-relations` - **Cache TTL:** 300s **Parameters:** | Name | Type | Location | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|----------|-------------| | `e1` | string | query | yes | First concept id, from entity-autocomplete | | `type` | enum(ANY|treat|cause|cotreat|compare|interact|inhibit|stimulate|drug_interact|associate|prevent|positive_correlate|negative_correlate) | query | no | Relation type. Default ANY | | `e2` | string | query | no | Second concept id, to pin both ends of the relation | | `limit` | number | query | no | Maximum relations to return. Default 100 | **cURL:** ```bash curl "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/entity-relations?e1=%40CHEMICAL_Doxorubicin&type=treat&e2=%40DISEASE_Neoplasms&limit=100" \ -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" ``` **JavaScript / TypeScript:** ```javascript const res = await fetch("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/entity-relations?e1=%40CHEMICAL_Doxorubicin&type=treat&e2=%40DISEASE_Neoplasms&limit=100", { headers: { "x-api-key": process.env.ZAPI_KEY } }); const data = await res.json(); ``` **Python:** ```python import requests r = requests.get("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/entity-relations?e1=%40CHEMICAL_Doxorubicin&type=treat&e2=%40DISEASE_Neoplasms&limit=100", headers={"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"}) data = r.json() ``` **Example response:** ```json { "e1": "@CHEMICAL_Doxorubicin", "e2": "@DISEASE_Neoplasms", "type": "treat", "count": 1, "items": [ { "type": "treat", "source": "@CHEMICAL_Doxorubicin", "target": "@DISEASE_Neoplasms", "publications": 14872 } ], "limit": 3, "total": 1, "provider": "pubmed" } ``` --- ### Fetch Records efetch: full records. The payload is XML, MEDLINE text or FASTA depending on rettype — never JSON — so it is handed back verbatim rather than half-parsed. - **Method:** `GET` - **Endpoint:** `https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/fetch-records` - **Cache TTL:** 300s **Parameters:** | Name | Type | Location | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|----------|-------------| | `id` | string | query | yes | Comma-separated UIDs, max 200 per call | | `db` | enum(pubmed|protein|nuccore|ipg|nucleotide|structure|genome|grasp|annotinfo|assembly|bioproject|biosample|blastdbinfo|books|cdd|clinvar|dbvar|gene|gds|geoprofiles|medgen|mesh|nlmcatalog|omim|orgtrack|pmc|proteinclusters|pcassay|protfam|pccompound|pcsubstance|seqannot|snp|sra|taxonomy|biocollections|gtr) | query | no | Entrez database. Default pubmed | | `rettype` | enum(abstract|medline|uilist|fasta|gb|gp|docsum|full|native|xml) | query | no | Record type. Valid values depend on the database | | `retmode` | enum(xml|text|asn.1) | query | no | Payload encoding. Default xml | | `retstart` | number | query | no | Offset into the record set when fetching from history | | `retmax` | number | query | no | Maximum records to return. Upstream caps at 10000 | | `strand` | enum(1|2) | query | no | Sequence strand, 1 plus and 2 minus. Sequence databases only | | `seqStart` | number | query | no | First sequence base to retrieve. Sequence databases only | | `seqStop` | number | query | no | Last sequence base to retrieve. Sequence databases only | **cURL:** ```bash curl "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/fetch-records?id=33301246%2C32109013&db=pubmed&rettype=medline&retmode=xml&retstart=0&retmax=100&strand=1&seqStart=1&seqStop=200" \ -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" ``` **JavaScript / TypeScript:** ```javascript const res = await fetch("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/fetch-records?id=33301246%2C32109013&db=pubmed&rettype=medline&retmode=xml&retstart=0&retmax=100&strand=1&seqStart=1&seqStop=200", { headers: { "x-api-key": process.env.ZAPI_KEY } }); const data = await res.json(); ``` **Python:** ```python import requests r = requests.get("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/fetch-records?id=33301246%2C32109013&db=pubmed&rettype=medline&retmode=xml&retstart=0&retmax=100&strand=1&seqStart=1&seqStop=200", headers={"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"}) data = r.json() ``` **Example response:** ```json { "db": "pubmed", "ids": [ "33301246", "32109013" ], "type": "medline", "bytes": 206336, "format": "xml", "content": "\n\n\n333012462021011220260518
1533-4406383272020Dec31The New England journal of medicineN Engl J MedSafety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine.260326152603-2615NEJMoa203457710.1056/NEJMoa2034577Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the resulting coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) have afflicted tens of millions of people in a worldwide pandemic. Safe and effective vaccines are needed urgently.In an ongoing multinational, placebo-controlled, observer-blinded, pivotal efficacy trial, we randomly assigned persons 16 years of age or older in a 1:1 ratio to receive two doses, 21 days apart, of either placebo or the BNT162b2 vaccine candidate (30 μg per dose). BNT162b2 is a lipid nanoparticle-formulated, nucleoside-modified RNA vaccine that encodes a prefusion stabilized, membrane-anchored SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike protein. The primary end points were efficacy of the vaccine against laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 and safety.A total of 43,548 participants underwent randomization, of whom 43,448 received injections: 21,720 with BNT162b2 and 21,728 with placebo. There were 8 cases of Covid-19 with onset at least 7 days after the second dose among participants assigned to receive BNT162b2 and 162 cases among those assigned to placebo; BNT162b2 was 95% effective in preventing Covid-19 (95% credible interval, 90.3 to 97.6). Similar vaccine efficacy (generally 90 to 100%) was observed across subgroups defined by age, sex, race, ethnicity, baseline body-mass index, and the presence of coexisting conditions. Among 10 cases of severe Covid-19 with onset after the first dose, 9 occurred in placebo recipients and 1 in a BNT162b2 recipient. The safety profile of BNT162b2 was characterized by short-term, mild-to-moderate pain at the injection site, fatigue, and headache. The incidence of serious adverse events was low and was similar in the vaccine and placebo groups.A two-dose regimen of BNT162b2 conferred 95% protection against Covid-19 in persons 16 years of age or older. Safety over a median of 2 months was similar to that of other viral vaccines. (Funded by BioNTech and Pfizer; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04368728.).Copyright © 2020 Massachusetts Medical Society.PolackFernando PFPFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).ThomasStephen JSJFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).KitchinNicholasNFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).AbsalonJudithJFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).GurtmanAlejandraAFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).LockhartStephenSFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).PerezJohn LJLFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).Pérez MarcGonzaloGFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).MoreiraEdson DEDFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).ZerbiniCristianoCFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).BaileyRuthRFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).SwansonKena AKAFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).RoychoudhurySatrajitSFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).KouryKennethKFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).LiPingPFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).KalinaWarren VWVFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).CooperDavidDFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).FrenckRobert WRWJrFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).HammittLaura LLLFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).TüreciÖzlemÖFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).NellHayleneHFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).SchaeferAxelAFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).ÜnalSerhatSFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).TresnanDina BDBFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).MatherSusanSFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).DormitzerPhilip RPRFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).ŞahinUğurUFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).JansenKathrin UKUFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).GruberWilliam CWCFrom Fundacion INFANT (F.P.P.) and iTrials-Hospital Militar Central (G.P.M.), Buenos Aires; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (S.J.T.), and Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (J.A., A.G., K.A.S., K.K., W.V.K., D.C., P.R.D., K.U.J., W.C.G.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., R.B.); Vaccine Research and Development (J.L.P., P.L.) and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia (E.D.M.), and Centro Paulista de Investigação Clinica, São Paulo (C.Z.) - both in Brazil; Global Product Development, Pfizer, Peapack, NJ (S.R.); Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati (R.W.F.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (L.L.H.); BioNTech, Mainz (ÖT., U.Ş.), and Medizentrum Essen Borbeck, Essen (A.S.) - both in Germany; Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa (H.N.); Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (S.Ü.); and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management, Pfizer, Groton, CT (D.B.T.).C4591001 Clinical Trial GroupengClinicalTrials.govNCT04368728Clinical Trial, Phase IIClinical Trial, Phase IIIJournal ArticleMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled TrialResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't20201210
United StatesN Engl J Med02555620028-47930BNT162 Vaccine0COVID-19 Vaccines0Vaccines, Synthetic0mRNA VaccinesIMN Engl J Med. 2020 Dec 31;383(27):2677-2678. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe2034717.33301245Nature. 2020 Dec;588(7838):377-378. doi: 10.1038/d41586-020-03542-4.33311629Semergen. 2021 Jan-Feb;47(1):1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.semerg.2020.12.005.33478841Panminerva Med. 2022 Mar;64(1):131-132. doi: 10.23736/S0031-0808.21.04286-5.33480519Ann Intern Med. 2021 Feb;174(2):JC15. doi: 10.7326/ACPJ202102160-015.33524290MMW Fortschr Med. 2021 Feb;163(2):24-25. doi: 10.1007/s15006-021-9577-4.33527275N Engl J Med. 2021 Apr 22;384(16):1576-1577. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2036242.33596348N Engl J Med. 2021 Apr 22;384(16):1577. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2036242.33596349N Engl J Med. 2021 Apr 22;384(16):1577-1578. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2036242.33596350Virol Sin. 2021 Oct;36(5):1097-1103. doi: 10.1007/s12250-021-00408-5.34061319N Engl J Med. 2022 Mar 24;386(12):1176-1179. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe2202547.35196425AdolescentAdultAgedBNT162 VaccineCOVID-19immunologyprevention & controlCOVID-19 Vaccinesadministration & dosageadverse effectsimmunologyFatigueetiologyFemaleHeadacheetiologyHumansImmunization, SecondaryMaleMiddle AgedSARS-CoV-2geneticsSingle-Blind MethodTreatment OutcomeVaccines, SyntheticYoung AdultmRNA VaccinesAbergJudithJAddoMarylynMAkhanSılaSAlbertsonTimothyTAl-IbrahimMohamedMAltınSedatSAndersonCoreyCAndrewsCharlesCAroraSamirSBalikIsmailIBarnettElizabethEBauerGeorgeGBaumann-NossSybilleSBerheMezgebeMBradleyPaulPBrandonDonaldDBruneDanielDBurgherAbramAButcherBainBButukDavidDCannonKevinKCardonaJoseJCavelliRachaelRChalhoubFadiFChristensenShaneSChristensenTomTChuLaurenceLCoxStevenSCrookGretchenGDavisMatthewMDavitRajeshRDenhamDouglasDDeverMichaelMDonskeyCurtisCDoustMatthewMDunnMichaelMEarlJohnJEderFrankFEichAndreasAEnszDavidDEssinkBrandonBFalconeRobertRFalseyAnnAFarringtonCecilCFinbergRobertRFinnDanielDFitz-PatrickDavidDFortmannStephenSFoucheLeonLFragosoVeronicaVFrenckRobertRFriedDavidDFullerGregoryGFussellSuzanneSGarcia-DiazJuliaJGentryAndrewAGloverRichardRGreenbaumCarlaCGrubbStephenSHammittLauraLHarperCharlesCHarperWayneWHartmanAaronAHellerRobertRHendrixErnestEHerringtonDarrellDJenningsTimothyTKarabayOğuzOKasterStevenSKatzmanStevenSKingsleyJeffreyJKleinNicolaNKleinTracyTKochMarkMKöksalIftaharIKorenMichaelMKutnerMarkMLeeMarcusMLeibowitzMarkMLevinMichaelMLibsterRominaRLillestolMichaelMLucastiChristopherCLuttermannMatthiasMManningMary Beth EarlMBEMartinMartinMMathernePaulPMcMurrayJamesJMertAliAMiddletonRandleRMithaEssackEMorawskiEmilyEMoreiraEdsonEMulliganMarkMMurrayAlexanderAMussajiMurtazaMMusungaieDanyDNellHayleneHOdekirkLarryLOgbuaguOnyemaOPaolinoKristopherKPatelSuchetSPetersonJamesJPickrellPaulPPolackFernandoFPoretzDonaldDRaadGeorgeGRandallWilliamWRankinBruceBReynoldsStevenSRiesenbergRobertRRodriguezHectorHRosenJeffreyJRubinoJohnJRuppRichardRSaigerSalmaSSalataRobertRSalehJamshidJSchaeferAxelASchearMartinMSchultzArminASchwartzHowardHSegallNathanNSegerWilliamWSendersShellySSharpStephanSShoffnerSylviaSSimsek YavuzSerapSSlighTeresaTSmithWilliamWStaceyHelenHStephensMichaelMStuddardHarryHTabakFehmiFTalaatKawsarKThomasStephenSTownerWilliamWTranVanVÜnalSerhatSUsdanLisaLVanchiereJohnJVaranoSusannSWadsworthEdward Tyler LETLWalshWalshWWalterEmmanuelEWappnerDiegoDWhilesRickRWilliamsHayesHWilsonJonathanJWinklePeterPWinokurPatriciaPWolfThomasTYozviakJosephJZerbiniCristianoC202012116020211136020201210122020201217ppublish33301246PMC774518110.1056/NEJMoa2034577Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus Resource Center. 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1533-4406382182020Apr30The New England journal of medicineN Engl J MedClinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China.170817201708-1720NEJMoa200203210.1056/NEJMoa2002032Since December 2019, when coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China, data have been needed on the clinical characteristics of the affected patients.We extracted data regarding 1099 patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 from 552 hospitals in 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in mainland China through January 29, 2020. The primary composite end point was admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), the use of mechanical ventilation, or death.The median age of the patients was 47 years; 41.9% of the patients were female. The primary composite end point occurred in 67 patients (6.1%), including 5.0% who were admitted to the ICU, 2.3% who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation, and 1.4% who died. Only 1.9% of the patients had a history of direct contact with wildlife. Among nonresidents of Wuhan, 72.3% had contact with residents of Wuhan, including 31.3% who had visited the city. The most common symptoms were fever (43.8% on admission and 88.7% during hospitalization) and cough (67.8%). Diarrhea was uncommon (3.8%). The median incubation period was 4 days (interquartile range, 2 to 7). On admission, ground-glass opacity was the most common radiologic finding on chest computed tomography (CT) (56.4%). No radiographic or CT abnormality was found in 157 of 877 patients (17.9%) with nonsevere disease and in 5 of 173 patients (2.9%) with severe disease. Lymphocytopenia was present in 83.2% of the patients on admission.During the first 2 months of the current outbreak, Covid-19 spread rapidly throughout China and caused varying degrees of illness. Patients often presented without fever, and many did not have abnormal radiologic findings. (Funded by the National Health Commission of China and others.).Copyright © 2020 Massachusetts Medical Society.GuanWei-JieWJ0000-0001-5463-391XFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.NiZheng-YiZYFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.HuYuYFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.LiangWen-HuaWHFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.OuChun-QuanCQFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.HeJian-XingJXFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.LiuLeiLFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.ShanHongHFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.LeiChun-LiangCLFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.HuiDavid S CDSCFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.DuBinBFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.LiLan-JuanLJFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.ZengGuangGFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.YuenKwok-YungKYFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.ChenRu-ChongRCFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.TangChun-LiCLFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.WangTaoTFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.ChenPing-YanPYFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.XiangJieJFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.LiShi-YueSYFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.WangJin-LinJLFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.LiangZi-JingZJFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.PengYi-XiangYXFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.WeiLiLFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.LiuYongYFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.HuYa-HuaYHFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.PengPengPFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.WangJian-MingJMFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.LiuJi-YangJYFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.ChenZhongZFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.LiGangGFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.ZhengZhi-JianZJFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.QiuShao-QinSQFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.LuoJieJFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.YeChang-JiangCJFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.ZhuShao-YongSYFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.ZhongNan-ShanNSFrom the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (W.G., W.L., J.H., R.C., C.T., T.W., S.L., Jin-lin Wang, N.Z., J.H., W.L.), the Departments of Thoracic Oncology (W.L.), Thoracic Surgery and Oncology (J.H.), and Emergency Medicine (Z.L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (C.L.), and the State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (C.O., P.C.), Guangzhou, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (Z.N., J.X.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Yu Hu), the Central Hospital of Wuhan (Y.P.), Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.W.), Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (P.P.), Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Jian-ming Wang), and the People's Hospital of Huangpi District (S.Z.), Wuhan, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (L. Liu), and the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (K.-Y.Y.), Shenzhen, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai (H.S.), the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (D.S.C.H.), and the Department of Microbiology and the Carol Yu Center for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam (K.-Y.Y.), Hong Kong, Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (B.D.), and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (G.Z.), Beijing, the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (L. Li), Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu (Y.L.), Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi (Ya-hua Hu), the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha (J. Liu), the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya (Z.C.), Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang (G.L.), Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling (Z.Z.), the Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang (S.Q.), Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (J. Luo), and Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao (C.Y.) - all in China.China Medical Treatment Expert Group for Covid-19engJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't20200228
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Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020;395:497-506.PMC715929931986264Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet 2020;395:565-574.PMC715908632007145Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med 2020;382:727-733.PMC709280331978945Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet 2020;395:514-523.PMC715928631986261Phan LT, Nguyen TV, Luong QC, et al. Importation and human-to-human transmission of a novel coronavirus in Vietnam. N Engl J Med. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2001272.10.1056/NEJMc2001272PMC712142831991079Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, et al. Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany. 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Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 2020;395:507-513.PMC713507632007143Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020. February 7 (Epub ahead of print).PMC704288132031570World Health Organization. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection is suspected: interim guidance. January 28, 2020. (https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/clinical-management-of-novel-cov.pdf).Metlay JP, Waterer GW, Long AC, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: an official clinical practice guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Disease Society of America. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019;200(7):e45-e67.PMC681243731573350Gao H-N, Lu H-Z, Cao B, et al. Clinical findings in 111 cases of influenza A (H7N9) virus infection. N Engl J Med 2013;368:2277-2285.23697469World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) technical guidance: laboratory testing for 2019-nCoV in humans (https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/laboratory-guidance).Lei H, Li Y, Xiao S, et al. Routes of transmission of influenza A H1N1, SARS CoV, and norovirus in air cabin: comparative analyses. Indoor Air 2018;28:394-403.PMC716581829244221Otter JA, Donskey C, Yezli S, Douthwaite S, Goldenberg SD, Weber DJ. Transmission of SARS and MERS coronaviruses and influenza virus in healthcare settings: the possible role of dry surface contamination. J Hosp Infect 2016;92:235-250.PMC711492126597631Zumla A, Hui DS, Perlman S. Middle East respiratory syndrome. Lancet 2015;386:995-1007.PMC472157826049252Minodier L, Charrel RN, Ceccaldi PE, et al. Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with influenza, clinical significance, and pathophysiology of human influenza viruses in faecal samples: what do we know? Virol J 2015;12:215-215.PMC467682026651485Leung WK, To KF, Chan PK, et al. Enteric involvement of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection. Gastroenterology 2003;125:1011-1017.PMC712698214517783Assiri A, McGeer A, Perl TM, et al. Hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. N Engl J Med 2013;369:407-416.PMC402910523782161World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports (https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/).", "provider": "pubmed" } ``` --- ### Gene Report NCBI Datasets v2 gene record. A symbol that does not exist answers 200 with an empty object, so an empty body is the not-found signal. - **Method:** `GET` - **Endpoint:** `https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/gene-report/:symbol/:taxon` - **Cache TTL:** 300s **Parameters:** | Name | Type | Location | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|----------|-------------| | `symbol` | string | path | yes | Official gene symbol | | `taxon` | string | path | no | NCBI taxonomy id or organism name. Default 9606, human | | `includeGeneOntology` | enum(true|false) | query | no | Include the full GO term set, which dominates the payload. Default false | **cURL:** ```bash curl "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/gene-report/:symbol/:taxon?includeGeneOntology=false" \ -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" ``` **JavaScript / TypeScript:** ```javascript const res = await fetch("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/gene-report/:symbol/:taxon?includeGeneOntology=false", { headers: { "x-api-key": process.env.ZAPI_KEY } }); const data = await res.json(); ``` **Python:** ```python import requests r = requests.get("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/gene-report/:symbol/:taxon?includeGeneOntology=false", headers={"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"}) data = r.json() ``` **Example response:** ```json { "type": "PROTEIN_CODING", "query": "TP53", "taxId": "9606", "taxon": "9606", "geneId": "7157", "symbol": "TP53", "omimIds": [ "191170" ], "summary": [ { "source": null, "description": "This gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein containing transcriptional activation, DNA binding, and oligomerization domains. The encoded protein responds to diverse cellular stresses to regulate expression of target genes, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, DNA repair, or changes in metabolism. Mutations in this gene are associated with a variety of human cancers, including hereditary cancers such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Alternative splicing of this gene and the use of alternate promoters result in multiple transcript variants and isoforms. Additional isoforms have also been shown to result from the use of alternate translation initiation codons from identical transcript variants (PMIDs: 12032546, 20937277). [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2016]" } ], "taxName": "Homo sapiens", "provider": "pubmed", "synonyms": [ "P53", "BCC7", "LFS1", "BMFS5", "TRP53" ], "commonName": "human", "geneGroups": [ { "id": "7157", "method": "NCBI Ortholog" } ], "matchCount": 1, "annotations": [ { "releasedOn": "2025-08-01", "assemblyName": "GRCh38.p14", "annotationName": "GCF_000001405.40-RS_2025_08", "genomicLocations": [ { "sequenceName": "17", "accessionVersion": "NC_000017.11" } ], "assemblyAccession": "GCF_000001405.40" }, { "releasedOn": "2025-08-01", "assemblyName": "T2T-CHM13v2.0", "annotationName": "GCF_009914755.1-RS_2025_08", "genomicLocations": [ { "sequenceName": "17", "accessionVersion": "NC_060941.1" } ], "assemblyAccession": "GCF_009914755.1" } ], "chromosomes": [ "17" ], "description": "tumor protein p53", "orientation": "minus", "mapLocations": [ { "type": "Cytogenetic", "value": "17p13.1" } ], "proteinCount": 25, "alternateNames": [ "antigen NY-CO-13", "cellular tumor antigen p53", "mutant tumor protein 53", "phosphoprotein p53", "transformation-related protein 53", "tumor protein 53", "tumor supressor p53" ], "ensemblGeneIds": [ "ENSG00000141510" ], "nomenclatureId": "HGNC:11998", "transcriptCount": 26, "referenceStandards": [ { "type": "REFSEQ_GENE", "range": [ { "end": "24149", "begin": "5001", "orientation": "plus" } ], "accessionVersion": "NG_017013.2" } ], "swissProtAccessions": [ "P04637" ], "transcriptTypeCounts": [ { "type": "PROTEIN_CODING", "count": 25 }, { "type": "NON_CODING", "count": 1 } ], "nomenclatureAuthority": "HGNC" } ``` --- ### Id Convert PMC ID converter. It rejects a mixed batch with a 400, so the id type is declared and every value checked against it before the call. Its `email is missing` warning - **Method:** `GET` - **Endpoint:** `https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/id-convert` - **Cache TTL:** 300s **Parameters:** | Name | Type | Location | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|----------|-------------| | `ids` | string | query | yes | Comma-separated ids, all of the same type, max 200 | | `idtype` | enum(pmid|pmcid|doi|mid) | query | yes | Type of every id in the batch — mixed types are rejected | | `versions` | enum(true|false) | query | no | Include every PMC version of the record. Default false | **cURL:** ```bash curl "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/id-convert?ids=33301246%2C32109013&idtype=pmid&versions=false" \ -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" ``` **JavaScript / TypeScript:** ```javascript const res = await fetch("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/id-convert?ids=33301246%2C32109013&idtype=pmid&versions=false", { headers: { "x-api-key": process.env.ZAPI_KEY } }); const data = await res.json(); ``` **Python:** ```python import requests r = requests.get("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/id-convert?ids=33301246%2C32109013&idtype=pmid&versions=false", headers={"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"}) data = r.json() ``` **Example response:** ```json { "count": 2, "items": [ { "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2034577", "mid": null, "pmid": "33301246", "pmcid": "PMC7745181", "reason": null, "status": null, "requestedId": "33301246" }, { "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2002032", "mid": null, "pmid": "32109013", "pmcid": "PMC7092819", "reason": null, "status": null, "requestedId": "32109013" } ], "idType": "pmid", "provider": "pubmed" } ``` --- ### Link Check elink acheck/ncheck/lcheck: which link types exist for a UID, without pulling the links themselves. acheck answers with a per-id catalogue, ncheck and lcheck - **Method:** `GET` - **Endpoint:** `https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/link-check` - **Cache TTL:** 300s **Parameters:** | Name | Type | Location | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|----------|-------------| | `id` | string | query | yes | Comma-separated source UIDs, max 100 per call | | `dbfrom` | enum(pubmed|protein|nuccore|ipg|nucleotide|structure|genome|grasp|annotinfo|assembly|bioproject|biosample|blastdbinfo|books|cdd|clinvar|dbvar|gene|gds|geoprofiles|medgen|mesh|nlmcatalog|omim|orgtrack|pmc|proteinclusters|pcassay|protfam|pccompound|pcsubstance|seqannot|snp|sra|taxonomy|biocollections|gtr) | query | no | Source database. Default pubmed | | `cmd` | enum(acheck|ncheck|lcheck) | query | no | acheck lists every link type, ncheck reports whether related records exist, lcheck whether external LinkOut providers exist. Default acheck | **cURL:** ```bash curl "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/link-check?id=33301246%2C32109013&dbfrom=pubmed&cmd=acheck" \ -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" ``` **JavaScript / TypeScript:** ```javascript const res = await fetch("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/link-check?id=33301246%2C32109013&dbfrom=pubmed&cmd=acheck", { headers: { "x-api-key": process.env.ZAPI_KEY } }); const data = await res.json(); ``` **Python:** ```python import requests r = requests.get("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/link-check?id=33301246%2C32109013&dbfrom=pubmed&cmd=acheck", headers={"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"}) data = r.json() ``` **Example response:** ```json { "cmd": "acheck", "ids": [ "33301246", "32109013" ], "count": 2, "items": [ { "id": "33301246", "count": 13, "links": [ { "dbTo": "books", "htmlTag": "Cited in Books", "menuTag": "Cited in Books", "linkName": "pubmed_books_refs", "priority": 185 }, { "dbTo": "medgen", "htmlTag": "MedGen", "menuTag": "MedGen", "linkName": "pubmed_medgen", "priority": 128 }, { "dbTo": "pmc", "htmlTag": null, "menuTag": "PMC Links", "linkName": "pubmed_pmc", "priority": 175 }, { "dbTo": "pmc", "htmlTag": "Free in PMC", "menuTag": null, "linkName": "pubmed_pmc_local", "priority": 175 }, { "dbTo": "pmc", "htmlTag": "Cited in PMC", "menuTag": "Cited in PMC", "linkName": "pubmed_pmc_refs", "priority": 180 }, { "dbTo": "pubmed", "htmlTag": "Similar articles", "menuTag": "Similar articles", "linkName": "pubmed_pubmed", "priority": 1 }, { "dbTo": "pubmed", "htmlTag": "Cited In", "menuTag": "Cited In", "linkName": "pubmed_pubmed_citedin", "priority": 128 }, { "dbTo": "pubmed", "htmlTag": "Combined set of related Articles and Reviews", "menuTag": "Combined set of related Articles and Reviews", "linkName": "pubmed_pubmed_combined", "priority": 1 } ] }, { "id": "32109013", "count": 12, "links": [ { "dbTo": "books", "htmlTag": "Cited in Books", "menuTag": "Cited in Books", "linkName": "pubmed_books_refs", "priority": 185 }, { "dbTo": "pmc", "htmlTag": null, "menuTag": "PMC Links", "linkName": "pubmed_pmc", "priority": 175 }, { "dbTo": "pmc", "htmlTag": "Free in PMC", "menuTag": null, "linkName": "pubmed_pmc_local", "priority": 175 }, { "dbTo": "pmc", "htmlTag": "Cited in PMC", "menuTag": "Cited in PMC", "linkName": "pubmed_pmc_refs", "priority": 180 }, { "dbTo": "pubmed", "htmlTag": "Similar articles", "menuTag": "Similar articles", "linkName": "pubmed_pubmed", "priority": 1 }, { "dbTo": "pubmed", "htmlTag": "Cited In", "menuTag": "Cited In", "linkName": "pubmed_pubmed_citedin", "priority": 128 }, { "dbTo": "pubmed", "htmlTag": "Combined set of related Articles and Reviews", "menuTag": "Combined set of related Articles and Reviews", "linkName": "pubmed_pubmed_combined", "priority": 1 }, { "dbTo": "pubmed", "htmlTag": "Five most related Articles", "menuTag": "Five most related Articles", "linkName": "pubmed_pubmed_five", "priority": 1 } ] } ], "dbFrom": "pubmed", "provider": "pubmed" } ``` --- ### Link Provider elink llinks/prlinks: LinkOut provider URLs. Icon paths come back host-relative, so they are resolved against NCBI's own host to stay usable. - **Method:** `GET` - **Endpoint:** `https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/link-provider` - **Cache TTL:** 300s **Parameters:** | Name | Type | Location | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|----------|-------------| | `id` | string | query | yes | Comma-separated source UIDs, max 100 per call | | `dbfrom` | enum(pubmed|protein|nuccore|ipg|nucleotide|structure|genome|grasp|annotinfo|assembly|bioproject|biosample|blastdbinfo|books|cdd|clinvar|dbvar|gene|gds|geoprofiles|medgen|mesh|nlmcatalog|omim|orgtrack|pmc|proteinclusters|pcassay|protfam|pccompound|pcsubstance|seqannot|snp|sra|taxonomy|biocollections|gtr) | query | no | Source database. Default pubmed | | `cmd` | enum(llinks|prlinks) | query | no | llinks returns every LinkOut provider, prlinks only the publisher full-text links. Default llinks | **cURL:** ```bash curl "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/link-provider?id=33301246&dbfrom=pubmed&cmd=llinks" \ -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" ``` **JavaScript / TypeScript:** ```javascript const res = await fetch("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/link-provider?id=33301246&dbfrom=pubmed&cmd=llinks", { headers: { "x-api-key": process.env.ZAPI_KEY } }); const data = await res.json(); ``` **Python:** ```python import requests r = requests.get("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/link-provider?id=33301246&dbfrom=pubmed&cmd=llinks", headers={"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"}) data = r.json() ``` **Example response:** ```json { "cmd": "llinks", "ids": [ "33301246" ], "count": 1, "items": [ { "id": "33301246", "count": 9, "links": [ { "url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2034577?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub 0pubmed", "iconUrl": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--www.nejm.org-pb-assets-images-editorial-icons-nejm-full-text.gif", "linkName": null, "attributes": [ "subscription/membership/fee required" ], "categories": [ "Full Text Sources" ], "providerId": "4487", "providerAbbr": "ATYPON", "providerName": "Atypon" }, { "url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=AREA%5BReferencePMID%5D33301246", "iconUrl": null, "linkName": null, "attributes": [ "free resource" ], "categories": [ "Medical" ], "providerId": "3654", "providerAbbr": "CTgov", "providerName": "ClinicalTrials.gov" }, { "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/covid19vaccines.html", "iconUrl": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--medlineplus.gov-images-linkout_sm.gif", "linkName": "COVID-19 Vaccines", "attributes": [ "free resource" ], "categories": [ "Medical" ], "providerId": "3162", "providerAbbr": "MEDPLUS", "providerName": "MedlinePlus Health Information" }, { "url": "https://www.ovid.com/33301246.pmid", "iconUrl": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--tools.ovid.com-images-ovidlogo.jpg", "linkName": null, "attributes": [ "subscription/membership/fee required" ], "categories": [ "Full Text Sources" ], "providerId": "3682", "providerAbbr": "Ovid", "providerName": "Ovid Technologies, Inc." }, { "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/33301246/", "iconUrl": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov-pmc-cms-images-pmc_linkout.png", "linkName": null, "attributes": [ "free resource" ], "categories": [ "Full Text Sources" ], "providerId": "3494", "providerAbbr": "PMC", "providerName": "PubMed Central" }, { "url": "https://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/33301246", "iconUrl": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov-corehtml-pmc-pmcgifs-EPMC.gif", "linkName": null, "attributes": [ "free resource" ], "categories": [ "Full Text Sources" ], "providerId": "6082", "providerAbbr": "UKPMC", "providerName": "Europe PMC" }, { "url": "https://assays.cancer.gov/CPTAC-438", "iconUrl": null, "linkName": null, "attributes": [ "free resource" ], "categories": [ "Miscellaneous" ], "providerId": "8855", "providerAbbr": "assaysnci", "providerName": "NCI CPTAC Assay Portal" }, { "url": "https://facultyopinions.com/pubmed/33301246", "iconUrl": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com-cdn.science-now.com-images-FObadge128x28.png", "linkName": "See the articles recommended by the Faculty of more than 8,000 leading experts in Biology and Medicine.", "attributes": [ "subscription/membership/fee required" ], "categories": [ "Other Literature Sources" ], "providerId": "3533", "providerAbbr": "fopinions", "providerName": "H1 Connect - Access expert opinions and insights on biomedical research." } ] } ], "dbFrom": "pubmed", "provider": "pubmed" } ``` --- ### Link elink neighbour modes. cmd=neighbor_score returned 310 KB for a single PMID, so maxLinks caps each link array before the payload rather than after it. - **Method:** `GET` - **Endpoint:** `https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/link` - **Cache TTL:** 300s **Parameters:** | Name | Type | Location | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|----------|-------------| | `id` | string | query | yes | Comma-separated source UIDs, max 100 per call | | `dbfrom` | enum(pubmed|protein|nuccore|ipg|nucleotide|structure|genome|grasp|annotinfo|assembly|bioproject|biosample|blastdbinfo|books|cdd|clinvar|dbvar|gene|gds|geoprofiles|medgen|mesh|nlmcatalog|omim|orgtrack|pmc|proteinclusters|pcassay|protfam|pccompound|pcsubstance|seqannot|snp|sra|taxonomy|biocollections|gtr) | query | no | Source database. Default pubmed | | `db` | enum(pubmed|protein|nuccore|ipg|nucleotide|structure|genome|grasp|annotinfo|assembly|bioproject|biosample|blastdbinfo|books|cdd|clinvar|dbvar|gene|gds|geoprofiles|medgen|mesh|nlmcatalog|omim|orgtrack|pmc|proteinclusters|pcassay|protfam|pccompound|pcsubstance|seqannot|snp|sra|taxonomy|biocollections|gtr) | query | no | Target database. Defaults to dbfrom | | `cmd` | enum(neighbor|neighbor_score|neighbor_history) | query | no | Link mode. neighbor_score adds a relatedness score. Default neighbor | | `linkname` | string | query | no | Restrict to one named link set | | `maxLinks` | number | query | no | Cap on links kept per link set. Default 200 | **cURL:** ```bash curl "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/link?id=33301246&dbfrom=pubmed&db=pmc&cmd=neighbor&linkname=pubmed_pmc&maxLinks=200" \ -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" ``` **JavaScript / TypeScript:** ```javascript const res = await fetch("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/link?id=33301246&dbfrom=pubmed&db=pmc&cmd=neighbor&linkname=pubmed_pmc&maxLinks=200", { headers: { "x-api-key": process.env.ZAPI_KEY } }); const data = await res.json(); ``` **Python:** ```python import requests r = requests.get("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/link?id=33301246&dbfrom=pubmed&db=pmc&cmd=neighbor&linkname=pubmed_pmc&maxLinks=200", headers={"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"}) data = r.json() ``` **Example response:** ```json { "db": "pmc", "cmd": "neighbor", "ids": [ "33301246" ], "count": 1, "items": [ { "dbTo": "pmc", "count": 1, "links": [ { "id": "7745181" } ], "dbFrom": "pubmed", "linkName": "pubmed_pmc", "sourceIds": [ "33301246" ], "truncated": false } ], "dbFrom": "pubmed", "webEnv": null, "maxLinks": 3, "provider": "pubmed" } ``` --- ### Post epost stores a UID set on the history server and answers XML. The webEnv and queryKey it returns are what search, summary and fetch chain against for sets - **Method:** `GET` - **Endpoint:** `https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/post` - **Cache TTL:** 300s **Parameters:** | Name | Type | Location | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|----------|-------------| | `id` | string | query | yes | Comma-separated UIDs to store, max 5000 per call | | `db` | enum(pubmed|protein|nuccore|ipg|nucleotide|structure|genome|grasp|annotinfo|assembly|bioproject|biosample|blastdbinfo|books|cdd|clinvar|dbvar|gene|gds|geoprofiles|medgen|mesh|nlmcatalog|omim|orgtrack|pmc|proteinclusters|pcassay|protfam|pccompound|pcsubstance|seqannot|snp|sra|taxonomy|biocollections|gtr) | query | no | Entrez database. Default pubmed | | `webEnv` | string | query | no | Append to an existing history session | **cURL:** ```bash curl "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/post?id=33301246%2C32109013&db=pubmed&webEnv=MCID_6a93083700b9b9ef110c4022" \ -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" ``` **JavaScript / TypeScript:** ```javascript const res = await fetch("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/post?id=33301246%2C32109013&db=pubmed&webEnv=MCID_6a93083700b9b9ef110c4022", { headers: { "x-api-key": process.env.ZAPI_KEY } }); const data = await res.json(); ``` **Python:** ```python import requests r = requests.get("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/post?id=33301246%2C32109013&db=pubmed&webEnv=MCID_6a93083700b9b9ef110c4022", headers={"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"}) data = r.json() ``` **Example response:** ```json { "db": "pubmed", "ids": [ "33301246", "32109013" ], "count": 2, "webEnv": "MCID_6a93083700b9b9ef110c4022", "provider": "pubmed", "queryKey": "1", "invalidIds": [] } ``` --- ### Search esearch: term -> UID list. The 10,000-record window is upstream's, not ours; past it the history server (usehistory + epost) is the only way through. - **Method:** `GET` - **Endpoint:** `https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/search` - **Cache TTL:** 300s **Parameters:** | Name | Type | Location | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|----------|-------------| | `term` | string | query | yes | Entrez query. Supports field tags such as [au], [ti], [mesh] and boolean operators | | `db` | enum(pubmed|protein|nuccore|ipg|nucleotide|structure|genome|grasp|annotinfo|assembly|bioproject|biosample|blastdbinfo|books|cdd|clinvar|dbvar|gene|gds|geoprofiles|medgen|mesh|nlmcatalog|omim|orgtrack|pmc|proteinclusters|pcassay|protfam|pccompound|pcsubstance|seqannot|snp|sra|taxonomy|biocollections|gtr) | query | no | Entrez database. Default pubmed | | `page` | number | query | no | Page number. Default 1 | | `limit` | number | query | no | UIDs per page. Default 20, max 500 | | `sort` | enum(relevance|pubDate|author|journalName|mostRecent) | query | no | Sort order. Default is the database default | | `field` | string | query | no | Limit the whole term to one search field | | `datetype` | enum(pdat|edat|mdat) | query | no | Date field the range applies to | | `mindate` | string | query | no | Range start, YYYY/MM/DD | | `maxdate` | string | query | no | Range end, YYYY/MM/DD | | `reldate` | number | query | no | Limit to the last N days instead of a range | | `usehistory` | enum(true|false) | query | no | Store the result set on the history server and return webEnv/queryKey | **cURL:** ```bash curl "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/search?term=covid-19%20vaccine&db=pubmed&page=1&limit=20&sort=relevance&field=title&datetype=pdat&mindate=2020%2F01%2F01&maxdate=2021%2F12%2F31&reldate=30&usehistory=true" \ -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" ``` **JavaScript / TypeScript:** ```javascript const res = await fetch("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/search?term=covid-19%20vaccine&db=pubmed&page=1&limit=20&sort=relevance&field=title&datetype=pdat&mindate=2020%2F01%2F01&maxdate=2021%2F12%2F31&reldate=30&usehistory=true", { headers: { "x-api-key": process.env.ZAPI_KEY } }); const data = await res.json(); ``` **Python:** ```python import requests r = requests.get("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/search?term=covid-19%20vaccine&db=pubmed&page=1&limit=20&sort=relevance&field=title&datetype=pdat&mindate=2020%2F01%2F01&maxdate=2021%2F12%2F31&reldate=30&usehistory=true", headers={"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"}) data = r.json() ``` **Example response:** ```json { "db": "pubmed", "page": 1, "term": "covid-19 vaccine", "count": 0, "items": [], "limit": 3, "total": 0, "webEnv": "MCID_6a937c9f6cbc51515203019e", "hasMore": false, "nextPage": null, "provider": "pubmed", "queryKey": "1", "warnings": [ "No items found." ], "translations": [], "queryTranslation": "\"covid-19\"[Title] AND \"vaccine\"[Title] AND 2020/01/01:2021/12/31[Date - Publication] AND 2026/07/30:2026/08/29[Date - Publication]" } ``` --- ### Spell espell is XML-only: retmode=json answers HTTP 500 with a zero-byte body, so the response is parsed by regex rather than asked for in another format. - **Method:** `GET` - **Endpoint:** `https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/spell` - **Cache TTL:** 300s **Parameters:** | Name | Type | Location | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|----------|-------------| | `term` | string | query | yes | Query to spell-check against the database index | | `db` | enum(pubmed|protein|nuccore|ipg|nucleotide|structure|genome|grasp|annotinfo|assembly|bioproject|biosample|blastdbinfo|books|cdd|clinvar|dbvar|gene|gds|geoprofiles|medgen|mesh|nlmcatalog|omim|orgtrack|pmc|proteinclusters|pcassay|protfam|pccompound|pcsubstance|seqannot|snp|sra|taxonomy|biocollections|gtr) | query | no | Entrez database. Default pubmed | **cURL:** ```bash curl "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/spell?term=fiberblast%20cell%20grwth&db=pubmed" \ -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" ``` **JavaScript / TypeScript:** ```javascript const res = await fetch("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/spell?term=fiberblast%20cell%20grwth&db=pubmed", { headers: { "x-api-key": process.env.ZAPI_KEY } }); const data = await res.json(); ``` **Python:** ```python import requests r = requests.get("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/spell?term=fiberblast%20cell%20grwth&db=pubmed", headers={"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"}) data = r.json() ``` **Example response:** ```json { "db": "pubmed", "term": "fiberblast cell grwth", "items": [ { "text": "", "type": "original" }, { "text": "fibroblast", "type": "replaced" }, { "text": " cell ", "type": "original" }, { "text": "growth", "type": "replaced" } ], "provider": "pubmed", "corrected": true, "correctedTerm": "fibroblast cell growth", "replacementCount": 2 } ``` --- ### Summary esummary: document summaries by UID. NCBI's summary keys are all-lowercase and db-specific, so the whole record is renamed rather than cherry-picked — dropping - **Method:** `GET` - **Endpoint:** `https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/summary` - **Cache TTL:** 300s **Parameters:** | Name | Type | Location | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|----------|-------------| | `id` | string | query | yes | Comma-separated UIDs, max 200 per call | | `db` | enum(pubmed|protein|nuccore|ipg|nucleotide|structure|genome|grasp|annotinfo|assembly|bioproject|biosample|blastdbinfo|books|cdd|clinvar|dbvar|gene|gds|geoprofiles|medgen|mesh|nlmcatalog|omim|orgtrack|pmc|proteinclusters|pcassay|protfam|pccompound|pcsubstance|seqannot|snp|sra|taxonomy|biocollections|gtr) | query | no | Entrez database. Default pubmed | | `version` | enum(1.0|2.0) | query | no | Summary schema version. Default 2.0 | **cURL:** ```bash curl "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/summary?id=33301246%2C32109013&db=pubmed&version=2.0" \ -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" ``` **JavaScript / TypeScript:** ```javascript const res = await fetch("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/summary?id=33301246%2C32109013&db=pubmed&version=2.0", { headers: { "x-api-key": process.env.ZAPI_KEY } }); const data = await res.json(); ``` **Python:** ```python import requests r = requests.get("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/summary?id=33301246%2C32109013&db=pubmed&version=2.0", headers={"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"}) data = r.json() ``` **Example response:** ```json { "db": "pubmed", "count": 2, "items": [ { "uid": "33301246", "essn": "1533-4406", "issn": "0028-4793", "issue": "27", "pages": "2603-2615", "title": "Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine.", "medium": "", "source": "N Engl J Med", "volume": "383", "authors": [ { "name": "Polack FP", "authType": "Author", "clusterId": "" }, { "name": "Thomas SJ", "authType": "Author", "clusterId": "" }, { "name": "Kitchin N", "authType": "Author", "clusterId": "" }, { "name": "Absalon J", "authType": "Author", "clusterId": "" }, { "name": "Gurtman A", "authType": "Author", "clusterId": "" }, { "name": "Lockhart S", "authType": "Author", "clusterId": "" }, { "name": "Perez JL", "authType": "Author", "clusterId": "" }, { "name": "Pérez Marc G", "authType": "Author", "clusterId": "" } ], "chapter": "", "docDate": "", "docType": "citation", "edition": "", "history": [ { "date": "2020/12/11 06:00", "pubStatus": "pubmed" }, { "date": "2021/01/13 06:00", "pubStatus": "medline" }, { "date": "2020/12/10 12:20", "pubStatus": "entrez" }, { "date": "2020/12/17 00:00", "pubStatus": "pmc-release" } ], "pubDate": "2020 Dec 31", "srcDate": "", "bookName": "", "ePubDate": "2020 Dec 10", "pubTypes": [ "Clinical Trial, Phase II", "Clinical Trial, Phase III", "Journal Article", "Multicenter Study", "Randomized Controlled Trial", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "bookTitle": "", "languages": [ "eng" ], "pubStatus": "256", "sortTitle": "safety and efficacy of the bnt162b2 mrna covid 19 vaccine", "articleIds": [ { "value": "33301246", "idType": "pubmed", "idTypeNum": 1 }, { "value": "PMC7745181", "idType": "pmc", "idTypeNum": 8 }, { "value": "pmc-id: PMC7745181;", "idType": "pmcid", "idTypeNum": 5 }, { "value": "10.1056/NEJMoa2034577", "idType": "doi", "idTypeNum": 3 } ], "attributes": [ "Has Abstract" ], "lastAuthor": "Gruber WC", "references": [ { "note": "", "pmid": 33301245, "refType": "Comment in", "refSource": "N Engl J Med. 2020 Dec 31;383(27):2677-2678. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe2034717." }, { "note": "", "pmid": 33311629, "refType": "Comment in", "refSource": "Nature. 2020 Dec;588(7838):377-378. doi: 10.1038/d41586-020-03542-4." }, { "note": "", "pmid": 33478841, "refType": "Comment in", "refSource": "Semergen. 2021 Jan-Feb;47(1):1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.semerg.2020.12.005." }, { "note": "", "pmid": 33480519, "refType": "Comment in", "refSource": "Panminerva Med. 2022 Mar;64(1):131-132. doi: 10.23736/S0031-0808.21.04286-5." }, { "note": "", "pmid": 33524290, "refType": "Comment in", "refSource": "Ann Intern Med. 2021 Feb;174(2):JC15. doi: 10.7326/ACPJ202102160-015." }, { "note": "", "pmid": 33527275, "refType": "Comment in", "refSource": "MMW Fortschr Med. 2021 Feb;163(2):24-25. doi: 10.1007/s15006-021-9577-4." }, { "note": "", "pmid": 33596348, "refType": "Comment in", "refSource": "N Engl J Med. 2021 Apr 22;384(16):1576-1577. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2036242." }, { "note": "", "pmid": 33596349, "refType": "Comment in", "refSource": "N Engl J Med. 2021 Apr 22;384(16):1577. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2036242." } ], "eLocationId": "doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2034577", "nlmUniqueId": "0255562", "pmcRefCount": 13, "sortPubDate": "2020/12/31 00:00", "recordStatus": "PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE", "reportNumber": "", "locationLabel": "", "publisherName": "", "fullJournalName": "The New England journal of medicine", "sortFirstAuthor": "Polack FP", "vernacularTitle": "", "availableFromUrl": "", "publisherLocation": "" }, { "uid": "32109013", "essn": "1533-4406", "issn": "0028-4793", "issue": "18", "pages": "1708-1720", "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China.", "medium": "", "source": "N Engl J Med", "volume": "382", "authors": [ { "name": "Guan WJ", "authType": "Author", "clusterId": "" }, { "name": "Ni ZY", "authType": "Author", "clusterId": "" }, { "name": "Hu Y", "authType": "Author", "clusterId": "" }, { "name": "Liang WH", "authType": "Author", "clusterId": "" }, { "name": "Ou CQ", "authType": "Author", "clusterId": "" }, { "name": "He JX", "authType": "Author", "clusterId": "" }, { "name": "Liu L", "authType": "Author", "clusterId": "" }, { "name": "Shan H", "authType": "Author", "clusterId": "" } ], "chapter": "", "docDate": "", "docType": "citation", "edition": "", "history": [ { "date": "2020/02/29 06:00", "pubStatus": "pubmed" }, { "date": "2020/05/06 06:00", "pubStatus": "medline" }, { "date": "2020/02/29 06:00", "pubStatus": "entrez" }, { "date": "2020/03/24 00:00", "pubStatus": "pmc-release" } ], "pubDate": "2020 Apr 30", "srcDate": "", "bookName": "", "ePubDate": "2020 Feb 28", "pubTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "bookTitle": "", "languages": [ "eng" ], "pubStatus": "256", "sortTitle": "clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in china", "articleIds": [ { "value": "32109013", "idType": "pubmed", "idTypeNum": 1 }, { "value": "PMC7092819", "idType": "pmc", "idTypeNum": 8 }, { "value": "pmc-id: PMC7092819;", "idType": "pmcid", "idTypeNum": 5 }, { "value": "10.1056/NEJMoa2002032", "idType": "doi", "idTypeNum": 3 } ], "attributes": [ "Has Abstract" ], "lastAuthor": "Zhong NS", "references": [ { "note": "", "pmid": 32220202, "refType": "Comment in", "refSource": "N Engl J Med. 2020 May 7;382(19):1859. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2005203." }, { "note": "", "pmid": 32220203, "refType": "Comment in", "refSource": "N Engl J Med. 2020 May 7;382(19):1860. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2005203." }, { "note": "", "pmid": 32220204, "refType": "Comment in", "refSource": "N Engl J Med. 2020 May 7;382(19):1860. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2005203." }, { "note": "", "pmid": 32220205, "refType": "Comment in", "refSource": "N Engl J Med. 2020 May 7;382(19):1860-1861. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2005203." }, { "note": "", "pmid": 32222421, "refType": "Comment in", "refSource": "Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 May - Jun;35:101620. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101620." }, { "note": "", "pmid": 32234504, "refType": "Comment in", "refSource": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020 Apr;162:108132. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108132." }, { "note": "", "pmid": 32276773, "refType": "Comment in", "refSource": "Int J Cardiol. 2020 Jul 1;310:167-168. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.03.074." }, { "note": "", "pmid": 32279480, "refType": "Comment in", "refSource": "Singapore Med J. 2020 Sep;61(9):460-462. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2020051." } ], "eLocationId": "doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032", "nlmUniqueId": "0255562", "pmcRefCount": 24, "sortPubDate": "2020/04/30 00:00", "recordStatus": "PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE", "reportNumber": "", "locationLabel": "", "publisherName": "", "fullJournalName": "The New England journal of medicine", "sortFirstAuthor": "Guan WJ", "vernacularTitle": "", "availableFromUrl": "", "publisherLocation": "" } ], "provider": "pubmed" } ``` --- ### Trials Detail One ClinicalTrials.gov v2 study. The single-study record carries 140 scalar paths across four sections; the heavy repeated blocks (arms, outcomes, locations) are - **Method:** `GET` - **Endpoint:** `https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/trials-detail/:nctId` - **Cache TTL:** 300s **Parameters:** | Name | Type | Location | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|----------|-------------| | `nctId` | string | path | yes | ClinicalTrials.gov registry id | **cURL:** ```bash curl "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/trials-detail/:nctId" \ -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" ``` **JavaScript / TypeScript:** ```javascript const res = await fetch("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/trials-detail/:nctId", { headers: { "x-api-key": process.env.ZAPI_KEY } }); const data = await res.json(); ``` **Python:** ```python import requests r = requests.get("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/trials-detail/:nctId", headers={"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"}) data = r.json() ``` **Example response:** ```json { "sex": "ALL", "nctId": "NCT04280705", "phases": [ "PHASE3" ], "status": "COMPLETED", "acronym": null, "masking": "DOUBLE", "keywords": [ "Adaptive", "COVID-19", "Efficacy", "Multicenter", "novel coronavirus", "Safety", "ACTT" ], "provider": "pubmed", "armGroups": [ { "type": "PLACEBO_COMPARATOR", "label": "Placebo", "description": "200 mg of Remdesivir placebo administered intravenously on Day 1, followed by a 100 mg once-daily maintenance dose of Remdesivir placebo while hospitalized for up to a 10 days total course. n=286.", "interventionNames": [ "Other: Placebo" ] }, { "type": "EXPERIMENTAL", "label": "Remdesivir", "description": "200 mg of Remdesivir administered intravenously on Day 1, followed by a 100 mg once-daily maintenance dose of Remdesivir while hospitalized for up to a 10 days total course. n=286.", "interventionNames": [ "Drug: Remdesivir" ] } ], "locations": [ { "zip": "35233", "city": "Birmingham", "state": "Alabama", "status": null, "country": "United States", "facility": "University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine - Infectious Disease", "latitude": 33.52066, "longitude": -86.80249 }, { "zip": "29037", "city": "La Jolla", "state": "California", "status": null, "country": "United States", "facility": "University of California San Diego Health - Jacobs Medical Center", "latitude": 32.84727, "longitude": -117.2742 }, { "zip": "90095", "city": "Los Angeles", "state": "California", "status": null, "country": "United States", "facility": "University of California Los Angeles Medical Center - Westwood Clinic", "latitude": 34.05223, "longitude": -118.24368 }, { "zip": "92868-3298", "city": "Orange", "state": "California", "status": null, "country": "United States", "facility": "University of California Irvine Medical Center - Infectious Disease", "latitude": 33.78779, "longitude": -117.85311 }, { "zip": "94304-1207", "city": "Palo Alto", "state": "California", "status": null, "country": "United States", "facility": "VA Palo Alto Health Care System - Infectious Diseases", "latitude": 37.44188, "longitude": -122.14302 }, { "zip": "95817-1460", "city": "Sacramento", "state": "California", "status": null, "country": "United States", "facility": "University of California Davis Medical Center - Internal Medicine - Infectious Disease", "latitude": 38.58157, "longitude": -121.4944 }, { "zip": "92314", "city": "San Diego", "state": "California", "status": null, "country": "United States", "facility": "Naval Medical Center San Diego - Infectious Disease Clinic", "latitude": 32.71571, "longitude": -117.16472 }, { "zip": "94110-2859", "city": "San Francisco", "state": "California", "status": null, "country": "United States", "facility": "University of California San Francisco - Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital - Division of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Infectious Disease, and Global Medicine", "latitude": 37.77493, "longitude": -122.41942 } ], "startDate": "2020-02-21", "studyType": "INTERVENTIONAL", "whoMasked": [ "PARTICIPANT", "INVESTIGATOR" ], "allocation": "RANDOMIZED", "briefTitle": "Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial (ACTT)", "conditions": [ "COVID-19" ], "enrollment": 1062, "hasResults": true, "ipdSharing": null, "maximumAge": "99 Years", "minimumAge": "18 Years", "orgStudyId": "20-0006", "references": [ { "pmid": "38657001", "type": "DERIVED", "citation": "Singh K, Rubenstein K, Callier V, Shaw-Saliba K, Rupert A, Dewar R, Laverdure S, Highbarger H, Lallemand P, Huang ML, Jerome KR, Sampoleo R, Mills MG, Greninger AL, Juneja K, Porter D, Benson CA, Dempsey W, El Sahly HM, Focht C, Jilg N, Paules CI, Rapaka RR, Uyeki TM, Clifford Lane H, Beigel J, Dodd LE; Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial (ACTT-1) Study Group Members. SARS-CoV-2 RNA and Nucleocapsid Antigen Are Blood Biomarkers Associated With Severe Disease Outcomes That Improve in Response to Remdesivir. J Infect Dis. 2024 Sep 23;230(3):624-634. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiae198." }, { "pmid": "38618926", "type": "DERIVED", "citation": "Lin DY, Wang J, Gu Y, Zeng D. Evaluating treatment efficacy in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, with applications to Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trials. Clin Trials. 2024 Aug;21(4):500-506. doi: 10.1177/17407745241238443. Epub 2024 Apr 15." }, { "pmid": "37466213", "type": "DERIVED", "citation": "Hedskog C, Rodriguez L, Roychoudhury P, Huang ML, Jerome KR, Hao L, Ireton RC, Li J, Perry JK, Han D, Camus G, Greninger AL, Gale M Jr, Porter DP. Viral Resistance Analyses From the Remdesivir Phase 3 Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial-1 (ACTT-1). J Infect Dis. 2023 Nov 2;228(9):1263-1273. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad270." }, { "pmid": "36695483", "type": "DERIVED", "citation": "Grundeis F, Ansems K, Dahms K, Thieme V, Metzendorf MI, Skoetz N, Benstoem C, Mikolajewska A, Griesel M, Fichtner F, Stegemann M. Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jan 25;1(1):CD014962. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD014962.pub2." }, { "pmid": "36442063", "type": "DERIVED", "citation": "Potter GE, Bonnett T, Rubenstein K, Lindholm DA, Rapaka RR, Doernberg SB, Lye DC, Mularski RA, Hynes NA, Kline S, Paules CI, Wolfe CR, Frank MG, Rouphael NG, Deye GA, Sweeney DA, Colombo RE, Davey RT Jr, Mehta AK, Whitaker JA, Castro JG, Amin AN, Colombo CJ, Levine CB, Jain MK, Maves RC, Marconi VC, Grossberg R, Hozayen S, Burgess TH, Atmar RL, Ganesan A, Gomez CA, Benson CA, Lopez de Castilla D, Ahuja N, George SL, Nayak SU, Cohen SH, Lalani T, Short WR, Erdmann N, Tomashek KM, Tebas P. Temporal Improvements in COVID-19 Outcomes for Hospitalized Adults: A Post Hoc Observational Study of Remdesivir Group Participants in the Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2022 Dec;175(12):1716-1727. doi: 10.7326/M22-2116. Epub 2022 Nov 29." }, { "pmid": "34473343", "type": "DERIVED", "citation": "Kreuzberger N, Hirsch C, Chai KL, Tomlinson E, Khosravi Z, Popp M, Neidhardt M, Piechotta V, Salomon S, Valk SJ, Monsef I, Schmaderer C, Wood EM, So-Osman C, Roberts DJ, McQuilten Z, Estcourt LJ, Skoetz N. SARS-CoV-2-neutralising monoclonal antibodies for treatment of COVID-19. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Sep 2;9(9):CD013825. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013825.pub2." }, { "pmid": "34350582", "type": "DERIVED", "citation": "Ansems K, Grundeis F, Dahms K, Mikolajewska A, Thieme V, Piechotta V, Metzendorf MI, Stegemann M, Benstoem C, Fichtner F. Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Aug 5;8(8):CD014962. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD014962." }, { "pmid": "33240091", "type": "DERIVED", "citation": "Sultana J, Crisafulli S, Gabbay F, Lynn E, Shakir S, Trifiro G. Challenges for Drug Repurposing in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Nov 6;11:588654. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.588654. eCollection 2020." } ], "whyStopped": null, "leadSponsor": "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)", "briefSummary": "This study is an adaptive, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of novel therapeutic agents in hospitalized adults diagnosed with COVID-19. The study is a multicenter trial that will be conducted in up to approximately 100 sites globally. The study will compare different investigational therapeutic agents to a control arm. There will be interim monitoring to introduce new arms and allow early stopping for futility, efficacy, or safety. If one therapy proves to be efficacious, then this treatment may become the control arm for comparison(s) with new experimental treatment(s). Any such change would be accompanied by an updated sample size. Because background standards of supportive care may evolve/improve over time as more is learned about successful management of COVID-19, comparisons of safety and efficacy will be based on data from concurrently randomized subjects. An independent Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) will actively monitor interim data to make recommendations about early study closure or changes to study arms. To evaluate the clinical efficacy, as assessed by time to recovery, of different investigational therapeutics as compared to the control arm.", "organization": "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)", "secondaryIds": [], "standardAges": [ "ADULT", "OLDER_ADULT" ], "collaborators": [], "firstPostedOn": "2020-02-21", "interventions": [ { "name": "Placebo", "type": "OTHER", "description": "The supplied placebo lyophilized formulation is identical in physical appearance to the active lyophilized formulation and contains the same inactive ingredients. Alternatively, a placebo of normal saline of equal volume may be given if there are limitations on matching placebo supplies.", "armGroupLabels": [ "Placebo" ] }, { "name": "Remdesivir", "type": "DRUG", "description": "Drug Remdesivir is a single diastereomer monophosphoramidate prodrug designed for the intracellular delivery of a modified adenine nucleoside analog GS-441524. In addition to the active ingredient, the lyophilized formulation of Remdesivir contains the following inactive ingredients: water for injection, sulfobutylether beta-cyclodextrin sodium (SBECD), and hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide.", "armGroupLabels": [ "Remdesivir" ] } ], "lastUpdatedOn": "2022-03-14", "locationCount": 60, "officialTitle": "A Multicenter, Adaptive, Randomized Blinded Controlled Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Investigational Therapeutics for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults", "otherOutcomes": [], "completionDate": "2020-05-21", "enrollmentType": "ACTUAL", "meshConditions": [ { "id": "D000086382", "term": "COVID-19" } ], "primaryPurpose": "TREATMENT", "oversightHasDmc": null, "primaryOutcomes": [ { "measure": "Time to Recovery", "timeFrame": "Day 1 through Day 29", "description": "Day of recovery is defined as the first day on which the subject satisfies one of the following three categories from the ordinal scale: 1) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 3) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities." }, { "measure": "Time to Recovery by Race", "timeFrame": "Day 1 through Day 29", "description": "Day of recovery is defined as the first day on which the subject satisfies one of the following three categories from the ordinal scale: 1) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 3) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities." }, { "measure": "Time to Recovery by Ethnicity", "timeFrame": "Day 1 through Day 29", "description": "Day of recovery is defined as the first day on which the subject satisfies one of the following three categories from the ordinal scale: 1) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 3) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities." }, { "measure": "Time to Recovery by Sex", "timeFrame": "Day 1 through Day 29", "description": "Day of recovery is defined as the first day on which the subject satisfies one of the following three categories from the ordinal scale: 1) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 3) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities." } ], "leadSponsorClass": "NIH", "responsibleParty": "SPONSOR", "statusVerifiedOn": "2020-04", "healthyVolunteers": false, "interventionModel": "PARALLEL", "meshInterventions": [ { "id": "C000606551", "term": "remdesivir" } ], "organizationClass": "NIH", "secondaryOutcomes": [ { "measure": "Change From Baseline in Alanine Transaminase (ALT)", "timeFrame": "Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29", "description": "Blood to evaluate ALT was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge." }, { "measure": "Change From Baseline in Aspartate Transaminase (AST)", "timeFrame": "Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29", "description": "Blood to evaluate AST was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge." }, { "measure": "Change From Baseline in Creatinine", "timeFrame": "Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29", "description": "Blood to evaluate serum creatinine was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge." }, { "measure": "Change From Baseline in Glucose", "timeFrame": "Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29", "description": "Blood to evaluate serum glucose was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge." }, { "measure": "Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin", "timeFrame": "Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29", "description": "Blood to evaluate hemoglobin was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge." }, { "measure": "Change From Baseline in Platelets", "timeFrame": "Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29", "description": "Blood to evaluate platelets was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge." }, { "measure": "Change From Baseline in Prothrombin Time (PT)", "timeFrame": "Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29", "description": "Blood to evaluate PT was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge." }, { "measure": "Change From Baseline in Total Bilirubin", "timeFrame": "Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29", "description": "Blood to evaluate total bilirubin was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge." } ], "isFdaRegulatedDrug": true, "detailedDescription": "This study is an adaptive, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of novel therapeutic agents in hospitalized adults diagnosed with COVID-19. The study is a multicenter trial that will be conducted in up to approximately 100 sites globally. The study will compare different investigational therapeutic agents to a control arm. There will be interim monitoring to introduce new arms and allow early stopping for futility, efficacy, or safety. If one therapy proves to be efficacious, then this treatment may become the control arm for comparison(s) with new experimental treatment(s). Any such change would be accompanied by an updated sample size. Because background standards of supportive care may evolve/improve over time as more is learned about successful management of COVID-19, comparisons of safety and efficacy will be based on data from concurrently randomized subjects. An independent Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) will actively monitor interim data to make recommendations about early study closure or changes to study arms.\n\nThe initial sample size is projected to be 572 subjects to achieve 400 subjects with a \"recovered\" status (per the primary objective). The primary analysis will be based on those subjects enrolled in order to 400 recoveries. An additional analysis of the moderate severity subgroup (those with baseline status of \"Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen\" or \"Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care\") is also of public health importance. Hence, enrollment will be permitted until the date of April 20, 2020 to ensure 400 recoveries and provide additional data about this important subgroup. With recent enrollment rates, the total sample size may be 600 to over 800.\n\nSubjects will be assessed daily while hospitalized. If the subjects are discharged from the hospital, they will have a study visit at Days 15, 22, and 29 as an outpatient. For discharged subjects, it is preferred that the Day 15 and 29 visits are in person to obtain safety laboratory tests and OP swab and blood (serum only) samples for secondary research as well as clinical outcome data. However, infection control or other restrictions may limit the ability of the subject to return to the clinic. In this case, Day 15 and 29 visits may be conducted by phone, and only clinical data will be obtained. The Day 22 visit does not have laboratory tests or collection of samples and may also be conducted by phone.\n\nAll subjects will undergo a series of efficacy, safety, and laboratory assessments. Safety laboratory tests and blood (serum and plasma) research samples and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs will be obtained on Days 1 (prior to infusion) and Days 3, 5, 8, and 11 (while hospitalized). OP swabs and blood (serum only) plus safety laboratory tests will be collected on Day 15 and 29 (if the subject attends an in-person visit or are still hospitalized).\n\nThe primary outcome is time to recovery by Day 29. A key secondary outcome evaluates treatment-related improvements in the 8-point ordinal scale at Day 15. As little is known about the clinical course of COVID-19, a pilot study will be used for a blinded sample size reassessment.\n\nContacts:\n\n20-0006 Central Contact\n\nTelephone: 1 (301) 7617948\n\nEmail: DMIDClinicalTrials@niaid.nih.gov", "eligibilityCriteria": "Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Admitted to a hospital with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 infection.\n2. Subject (or legally authorized representative) provides informed consent prior to initiation of any study procedures.\n3. Subject (or legally authorized representative) understands and agrees to comply with planned study procedures.\n4. Male or non-pregnant female adult \\> / = 18 years of age at time of enrollment.\n5. Has laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection as determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or other commercial or public health assay in any specimen, as documented by either or the following:\n\n 1. PCR positive in sample collected \\< 72 hours prior to randomization; OR\n\n Exclusion Criteria:\n 2. PCR positive in sample collected \\>/= 72 hours prior to randomization, documented inability to obtain a repeat sample (e.g. due to lack of testing supplies, limited testing capacity, results taking \\>24 hours, etc.) AND progressive disease suggestive of ongoing SARS-CoV-2 infection.\n6. Illness of any duration, and at least one of the following:\n\n 1. Radiographic infiltrates by imaging (chest x-ray, CT scan, etc.), OR\n 2. SpO2 \\< / = 94% on room air, OR\n 3. Requiring supplemental oxygen, OR\n 4. Requiring mechanical ventilation.\n7. Women of childbearing potential must agree to either abstinence or use at least one primary form of contraception not including hormonal contraception from the time of screening through Day 29.\n8. Agrees to not participate in another clinical trial for the treatment of COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 through Day 29.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Alanine Transaminase (ALT) or Aspartate Transaminase (AST) \\> 5 times the upper limit of normal.\n2. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \\< 30 ml/min (including patients receiving hemodialysis or hemofiltration).\n3. Pregnancy or breast feeding.\n4. Anticipated discharge from the hospital or transfer to another hospital which is not a study site within 72 hours.\n5. Allergy to any study medication.", "isFdaRegulatedDevice": false, "resultsFirstPostedOn": "2020-09-25", "primaryCompletionDate": "2020-05-21" } ``` --- ### Trials Search ClinicalTrials.gov v2 study search. v2 paginates by an opaque token, not a page number, so the cursor is passed through instead of being faked into a page index. - **Method:** `GET` - **Endpoint:** `https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/trials-search` - **Cache TTL:** 300s **Parameters:** | Name | Type | Location | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|----------|-------------| | `condition` | string | query | no | Condition or disease being studied | | `term` | string | query | no | Free-text terms matched across the whole record | | `status` | enum(NOT_YET_RECRUITING|RECRUITING|ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION|ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING|SUSPENDED|TERMINATED|COMPLETED|WITHDRAWN|AVAILABLE|NO_LONGER_AVAILABLE|TEMPORARILY_NOT_AVAILABLE|APPROVED_FOR_MARKETING|WITHHELD|UNKNOWN) | query | no | Restrict to one recruitment status | | `limit` | number | query | no | Studies per page. Default 20, max 100 | | `cursor` | string | query | no | Page token from nextCursor of a previous call | **cURL:** ```bash curl "https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/trials-search?condition=covid-19&term=remdesivir&status=RECRUITING&limit=20&cursor=ZVt07cGHkvI2wRk2CJf6" \ -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" ``` **JavaScript / TypeScript:** ```javascript const res = await fetch("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/trials-search?condition=covid-19&term=remdesivir&status=RECRUITING&limit=20&cursor=ZVt07cGHkvI2wRk2CJf6", { headers: { "x-api-key": process.env.ZAPI_KEY } }); const data = await res.json(); ``` **Python:** ```python import requests r = requests.get("https://api.zpi.web.id/v1/research:pubmed/trials-search?condition=covid-19&term=remdesivir&status=RECRUITING&limit=20&cursor=ZVt07cGHkvI2wRk2CJf6", headers={"x-api-key": "YOUR_API_KEY"}) data = r.json() ``` **Example response:** ```json { "term": null, "count": 3, "items": [ { "nctId": "NCT01128829", "phases": [ "NA" ], "status": "COMPLETED", "acronym": "SIR", "masking": "NONE", "keywords": [ "obesity", "diabetes", "artificial sweeteners" ], "startDate": "2010-05", "studyType": "INTERVENTIONAL", "allocation": "RANDOMIZED", "briefTitle": "Sugar-replacement Sweeteners, and Blood Sugar Control", "conditions": [ "Obesity" ], "enrollment": 17, "hasResults": true, "leadSponsor": "Washington University School of Medicine", "briefSummary": "Several sugar-replacement sweeteners are currently on the market, including saccharine (ex. Sweet'N Low), aspartame (ex. Equal), and sucralose (ex. Splenda). The purpose of this study is to examine wether non caloric sweeteners affects how well the body works to control blood sugar. The study includes detailed blood sugar testing after drinking liquids that may contain sucralose. The investigators hypothesize that drinking liquids with sucralose will effect the amounts of specific appetite-affecting substances naturally produced by the body.", "organization": "Washington University School of Medicine", "firstPostedOn": "2010-05-24", "lastUpdatedOn": "2014-12-22", "officialTitle": "Regulation of Incretin Release by Non-nutritive Sweeteners in Humans", "completionDate": "2012-10", "enrollmentType": "ACTUAL", "primaryPurpose": "BASIC_SCIENCE", "leadSponsorClass": "OTHER", "statusVerifiedOn": "2014-12", "interventionModel": "CROSSOVER", "primaryCompletionDate": "2012-02" }, { "nctId": "NCT06186102", "phases": [ "PHASE2" ], "status": "COMPLETED", "acronym": "PolyCAD", "masking": "QUADRUPLE", "keywords": [ "Spermidine", "Dietary supplement", "Polyamine", "Prevention", "Treatment", "Lifestyle", "Coronary artery disease", "Ischemic heart disease" ], "startDate": "2024-01-01", "studyType": "INTERVENTIONAL", "allocation": "RANDOMIZED", "briefTitle": "Polyamine Treatment in Elderly Patients With Coronary Artery Disease", "conditions": [ "Ischemic Heart Disease", "Myocardial Infarction", "Cardiovascular Diseases", "Hypertensive Heart Disease", "Hypertension", "Diastolic Dysfunction", "Obesity", "Metabolic Syndrome" ], "enrollment": 187, "hasResults": false, "leadSponsor": "University of Aarhus", "briefSummary": "The present study is testing spermidine treatment in elderly patients with coronary artery disease. The study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-armed, parallel-group, single centre, clinical study.", "organization": "University of Aarhus", "collaborators": [ "Sygesikringen Danmark", "Aarhus University Hospital", "Danish Diabetes Academy", "Danish Cardiovascular Academy (DCA)", "Eva and Henry Frænkels Mindefond", "DoNotAge.org" ], "firstPostedOn": "2023-12-29", "lastUpdatedOn": "2026-07-01", "officialTitle": "Polyamine Treatment in Elderly Patients With Coronary Artery Disease - a Randomized Controlled Trial", "completionDate": "2026-06-29", "enrollmentType": "ACTUAL", "primaryPurpose": "TREATMENT", "leadSponsorClass": "OTHER", "statusVerifiedOn": "2026-04", "interventionModel": "PARALLEL", "primaryCompletionDate": "2026-06-29" }, { "nctId": "NCT01947595", "phases": [ "NA" ], "status": "COMPLETED", "acronym": "PLIS", "masking": "NONE", "keywords": [ "diabetes mellitus type 2", "impaired glucose tolerance", "lifestyle intervention", "body fat distribution", "prevention" ], "startDate": "2012-03", "studyType": "INTERVENTIONAL", "allocation": "RANDOMIZED", "briefTitle": "Individualized Lifestyle Intervention in Subjects With Prediabetes", "conditions": [ "Diabetes Mellitus Type 2" ], "enrollment": 1145, "hasResults": false, "leadSponsor": "University Hospital Tuebingen", "briefSummary": "The purpose of this prospective randomized multicenter intervention study is to determine whether in the prevention of Diabetes an intensified lifestyle intervention is superior to a conventional lifestyle intervention in high risk non-Responder subjects. Further, the intensive phenotyping to determine subgroups with an increased risk for diabetes enables an individualized prevention and therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus.", "organization": "University Hospital Tuebingen", "collaborators": [ "German Diabetes-Center, Leibniz-Institut in Düsseldorf", "Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité Berlin", "German Institute of Human Nutrition", "University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus", "LMU Klinikum", "University Hospital Heidelberg" ], "firstPostedOn": "2013-09-20", "lastUpdatedOn": "2017-08-23", "officialTitle": "Prediabetes Lifestyle Intervention Study", "completionDate": "2017-08", "enrollmentType": "ACTUAL", "primaryPurpose": "PREVENTION", "leadSponsorClass": "OTHER", "statusVerifiedOn": "2017-08", "interventionModel": "PARALLEL", "primaryCompletionDate": "2017-08" } ], "limit": 3, "total": 15144, "cursor": null, "status": "COMPLETED", "hasMore": true, "provider": "pubmed", "condition": "diabetes", "nextCursor": "ZVt07cGHkvI2wRk2CJf6_LLt25GeMN8wd7KrgP4Ymj2e" } ``` --- _Generated: 2026-08-30T05:03:15.214Z_